CHD 3243 Final Exam Chapter 11 Sexual Behaviors Changing attitudes and behavior Premarital sexual behavior 12 03 2014 o Only about 7 of teenagers have experienced sexual o About 30 of 15 17 year olds report that they have engaged o About 66 to 70 of 18 to 19 year olds say they have lost their intercourse by age 13 in intercourse and virginity o Having sex earlier than their grandparents but perhaps not their parents and likely not their older siblings maybe because of the sex ed in school Today s teens Less likely to have sex at a very young age Less likely to have ever engaged in intercourse Less likely to be currently sexually active Less likely to have had four or more sex partners than the teens in the early 1990s Sex and its Meaning Driven by needs that have nothing to do with sex o Need for affection o Feelings of loneliness o Need to gain status o Confirmation of masculinity of femininity o Bolster self esteem Gender Differences in Ethics Diminishing but still present o Sexual behavior more acceptable for males than females o Sex is more OK without love for males o Females more likely to link sex and affection Contraceptive Use Rate has been increasing o But still more sporadic than adults Condoms are the most used form o Condoms a good choice for teens since they protect against pregnancy and STDs Why aren t condoms used more often Negative experiences with them A generalized disregard for risk An unwillingness to take responsibility for oneself and the perception that condoms are ineffective Users have to be knowledgeable of the method and willing to admit that they are sexually active Do not believe pregnancy will happen to them Should Teens have Contraceptives Legal since 1977 Availability has minimal effect on sexual activity Use greatly decreases chances of pregnancy and STDs STDs Very common o 50 of all new STD cases each year are to person 25 years old Chlamydia especially common in teens Gonorrhea also Girls more at risk than boys o More likely asymptomatic o And more likely to contract if partner is infected HPV is the most common STD Can cause cervical cancer 5 most common STDs HPV Trichomonoiasis Chlamydia Genital Herpes Gonorrhea AIDS is 6th leading cause of death in 15 24 year olds Arises after the human immunodeficiency virus attacks the body s immune system An incubation period of up to 10 years o Why it rarely develops during adolescence Spreads through exchange of body fluids o Semen saliva blood There are treatments but is no cure Unwed Pregnancy US has the second highest adolescent pregnancy rate in the industrialized world Russia has the first Rates are declining though o 15 fewer than in 70s and 80s About 20 of sexually active American teenage girls get pregnant each year o 80 are unplanned Pregnancy Outcomes Motherhood 97 of adolescent mothers decide to keep their babies Fatherhood contact usually steadily decreases after the child s birth Abortion rate lowered Adoption those who decide to place their babies for adoption generally feel quite comfortable with this decision Gay and Lesbian Youth early in life adolescence The majority of gay men recognized their homosexual orientation Less typical for lesbians to be aware of their homosexuality during Determinants of Sexual Orientation Biological theories Psychoanalytic Theories Parenting Theories Social Learning Theories Homosexuality Adjustment sexuality More difficult than heterosexual youth to come to grips with their A period of denial Often isolated lonely unhappy people terribly afraid of rejection even by other homosexuals No one consistent coming out process followed by gay youth Parents are often not supportive Sources of Sex Information Siblings 25 Teachers 20 Parents 12 Relatives Miscellaneous sources 11 18 14 Chapter 12 Education and School 12 03 2014 Trends in U S Education Traditionalists vs Progressives Traditionalists Progressives o Argue that the purpose of education is to teach the basics o Urge that the purpose of education is to prepare students for life home living cooking and carpentry classes Rise of Progressive Education Progressive education began in the 1930s Great Depression Push for science due to Sputnik in 1950s Social upheaval in the 1960s Cold War Fear of declining achievement in 1970s SAT scores dropped Pendulum swung back to more traditionalist posture in 1980s Alternative forms of education in the 1990s Alternative Forms of Education Magnet schools tends to be focused on art or math science Charter schools hybrid between public and private Funded by tax dollars but don t have to adhere to quite as many regulations Vouchers if zoned for crappy public school you get a voucher to attend private school just a little further away Tech prep schools after high school kids go here instead of college welding school Open enrollment policy where children can attend any public school they want even if it is outside their district Home schooling began in the 1980s but has really increased in popularity No Child Left Behind Act Passed in 2001 Schools rewarded or punished based on their students performance Local control increased Expanded options just because you live in Mississippi doesn t mean you have to have less education than someone in Connecticut The teaching approach is now tailored towards teaching what is on standardized tests Middle Schools Junior highs vs middle schools o Middle schools are smaller and a little more personal than junior highs There is no single agreed upon structure for middle schools o Some look at 5th 6th 7th and 8th while others just look at 6th 8th The middle school slump o Happens when your peer networks break down It is an adjustment period o Middle schools larger than grade schools o Middle schools more impersonal o Less time spent with one teacher Which of the following is the most common reason American high school girls give for the first time they had sexual intercourse Love for the person Most common STD contracted by American adolescents HPV Condoms HPV Most common method of birth control among American adolescents Which STD is associated with cervical cancer in women 12 03 2014 Chapter 13 Work and Vocation Ginzberg s Compromise with Reality Theory 3 Stages o Fantasy stage occurs up to age 11 Children imagine what they want to do without regard for training needs abilities etc o Tentative stage ages 11 17 Divided into 4 periods or sub stages Interest period ages 11 12 Children make choices primarily based on their likes and interests
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