CHD3243 Exam 1 Chapters 1 5 Notes Key Terms Chapter 1 The Social Context of Adolescence 8 27 15 1 Adolescence 1 When does it begin and end i Easier to define when it begins than when it ends ii Begins when a child starts to physically mature puberty between 11 and 13 iii Happens for girls before boys 2 When does it end i Harder to define ii The transition from one stage to the other is gradual and uncertain 3 The upper boundary of adolescence is less clear i Physical maturity ii Legal status as an adult iii Attainment of financial and emotional independence 2 What are names for the adolescent period 1 Teenager teens i Sometimes children hit puberty before teen years 2 Juvenile 3 Youth i Usually a legal term anyone up to 18 3 Three Phases of Adolescence Development 1 Early adolescence 11 14 2 Middle adolescence 15 17 3 Late adolescence 18 20 4 The Changing Face of American Adolescents 1 Shrinking relative to other age groups i Especially to elderly 2 Ethnic make up is changing i Relatively fewer Caucasians 3 More living in western and southern states Adolescent population is slowly growing compared to other age groups such as eldery 5 Our Evolving Society 6 Adolescent cohorts since the early 1900s 1 Cohorts similarly aged persons who experience the same historic events 1 The lost Generation born between the middle 1880s and 1900 i After WWI called lost because they lost relatives in the war 2 The G I Generation children during the Great Depression and adolescents or young adults during WWII could actually be drafted to war 3 The Silent Generation born between 1925 and 1940 characterized as conservative and traditionalist were too young to be drafted 4 The Baby Boomers born from mid 1940s until the early to mid 1960s lots of births because people were excited and happy the war was over 5 Generation X born from 1960s until about 1980 cynical and alienated children of baby 6 Generation Y Millennial Generation born from about 1980 to 2000 technology boomers throughout their lives 7 Generation born after 2000 not adolescents born after 9 11 i Generation has not been named yet 7 The Prolongation of Adolescence 1 Many adult life transitions are delayed i Stay in school longer ii Financial dependence on parents iii Move out of parents home later iv Marry later 2 The length of adolescence has become longer 3 Emerging adulthood 8 Why the Prolongation of Adolescence 1 Good jobs require skills 2 Sexual permissiveness 3 Parents willing to support longer 4 Maturity 5 Emerging adulthood 9 Societal changes that will affect adolescent experience Internet social media 1 Prolongation of adolescence 2 3 Need for more education 4 Family makeup 5 Shifting sexual values practices 10 Hazards of the Internet 1 Inappropriate sexual material i 1 3 of teens surveyed were exposed to pornography weren t intentionally looking for it exposed via advertisements etc 2 Violent and destructive material 3 Creation of virtual selves i Damaging to self esteem because it creates a person you want to be and you are reminded that is not who you are Increased gap between rich and poor 4 11 Cell phones 75 of adolescents have cell phones 1 Change the nature of social relations 2 Access to the internet 3 Continuous communication with social peers 4 Influences family relations i Parents are developing closer relations because they can have more common frequent conversations with their children ii Some parents give them more freedom because they can easily be contacted 12 Evolving World of Work and Consumption 1 Longer work hours less hours with kids 2 3 Internet increased the work day work comes home with you on internet Increased employment of women including mothers i Positive and negative Increased adolescent employment i Leading to increase in adolescent advertisement ii Leading to more teen consumption i e buying power materialism is high in early 4 and middle adolescents iii 2 3 of teens have a television in their bedroom higher high school graduation rate 13 Evolving Educational Imperatives Increase in classroom technology 1 2 Awareness of the need for career preparation while in high school 3 Increased use of Web resources 14 The Evolving Family Age at which people marry has gone up 1 The number of children per family has decreased 2 Those who do wait until mid to late twenties to marry have a greater chance of marital success than those who wed earlier 3 More than 1 3 of the men and one fourth of women in the US have not married by age 30 15 Changes in Family Dynamics 1 More teens will have been raised by single mothers i 40 of teens will spend some time in a single parent home 2 The number of children per family has decreased 3 Teens will more likely come from democratic families more egalitarian roles dad time with kids increases mom still has second shift 4 Increase in non marital cohabitation i More than half of teens will live with someone before they get married 5 Out of wedlock births increase 16 The Evolving Sexual Landscape 1 Positive Effects of the Sexual Revolution i Acceptance of sexual desire ii Scientific knowledge about sexual functioning iii Contraceptives iv More awareness of rape and sexual violence v Flexible gender roles vi Less guilt now for women to enjoy sex 2 Negative Effects of the Sexual Revolution i Flexible gender roles ii Earlier premarital sexual behavior iii Non marital pregnancy iv High rates of STDs and AIDS v Confusion about sex vi Mixed messages on whether you should have sex be enjoying it etc 17 Evolving Safety Concerns 1 Increased fears of terrorism 2 High fear of violent crime In society i ii In the home iii In schools 3 Crime rates have gone down because of all the paranoia 4 Violence is a major cause of adolescent mortality i Accidents homicides and suicides 18 Understanding Adolescent Research Methods 1 Correlations a relationship between two variables one does not cause the other i Positive correlations as X increases so does Y ii Negative correlations as X increases Y decreases CORRELATIONS DO NOT IMPLY CAUSATION 19 True vs Quasi Experiments 1 In true experiments researcher has control i Randomly assign subjects important to avoid bias ii Keep all but one factor constant 2 Quasi experiments don t worry about 20 Research Designs That Measure Developmental Change 1 Cross sectional research a quasi experimental study in which a group of persons who are one age is compared with a group of persons who are another age i Cohort effects are difficult to separate ii Determining
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