EXAM 1 Adolescent Development CLASS NOTES 1 Chapter 1 The Social Context of Adolescence Adolescence is socially constructive is a recent concept b w childhood and adulthood Most base it off puberty Adolescence Begins w puberty physically mature Usually b w 11 13 years old Transition from one stage to the other is gradual and uncertain The upper boundary of adolescence is less clear like when it stops o Physical maturity Would then be 25 o Legal status as an adult 11 18 o Attainment of financial and emotional independence o Socially constructed o Our culture usually thinks 11 18 adolescence 3 Phases of Adolescence o Early adolescence 11 14 o Middle adolescence 15 17 o Late adolescence 18 older w full recognition that some 18 19 20 year olds are truly adults o Emerging adulthood b w adolescence and adulthood Approaches to Studying Adolescence o Puberty nutritional needs etc Biological Cognitive Psychosexual o Emotions sense of self sexuality etc Social Relationship o Friendships parent child relations etc Eclectic o Memory problem solving interests changes in brain o Interdisciplinary approach looking at the entire picture Adolescent population is slowly growing in the US Shrinking relative to other age groups o Especially the elderly Ethnic makeup is changing o Less Caucasians More living in western and southern states 2 Evolving Society Cohorts o Similarly aged persons who experience the same historic events Adolescent cohorts since the early 1900s o The lost generation WWI adolescents o GI Generation kids during great depression adolescents in WW2 o Silent generation born too late to serve WWII to early to jump into 60s born after WWII movement o Baby boomers largest generation born after WW2 o Generation X born mid 1960s 1980s our parents o Generation Y the millennial generation people born between 1980 2000 o Generation born after 9 11 Prolongation of Adolescence Many adult life transitions are delayed o Stay in school longer o Financial dependence on parents o Move out of parents home later o Marry later o Why Good jobs require skills Sexual permissiveness Parents willing to support longer Maturity Emerging adulthood Evolving Communication Information Technologies Computers The Internet o Most adolescents use computers at home or at school o Email information chat rooms IM o Both positive and negative effects on adolescents i e suicidal teens using social media o Cell phones Changing communication Evolving World of Work and Consumption Longer work hours Internet Increase employment of women including mothers Increase adolescent employment o Leading to increase in adolescent advertisement Evolving Educational Imperatives Increase in class room technology Awareness of the need for career preparation while in high school Increased use of web resources 3 Changing in Family Dynamics More teens will have been raised by single mothers The number of children per family has decreased Out of wedlock births Divorce Increase in non marital cohabitation o Divorce is NOT at all time high Evolving Sexual Landscape Positive effects of the sexual revolution o Acceptance of sexual desire o Scientific knowledge about sexual functioning o Contraceptives o More awareness of rape and sexual violence o Flexible gender roles Negative o Earlier premarital sexual behavior o Non marital pregnancy o High rates of STDs and AIDs Evolving Safety Concerns Increase fears of terrorism High fear of violent crime o In society o In home o In schools Violence a major cause of adolescent mortality Applying Scientific Method Question Hypothesis Research design plan to collect data Sampling people to participate 4 Procedure how you re going to do it with informed consent Methods strategies in collecting data Correlation vs causation September 4 2014 Ch 2 Adolescents in Theoretical Context G Stanley Hall The Father of Adolescent Psychology first to study adolescents as a distinct psychological time Child Study Movement research to better the lives of children and adolescents Storm and stress adolescence is a time of storm and stress it is a crazy time period but a lot of research shows that it is not necessarily the case most adolescents do not actually rebel contrary to popular belief yes normal but not out of this world Erik Erikson student of Freud Psychosocial task to master need to master in order to move from one period to the next Each task produces a level of conflict If the conflict is resolved successfully a positive quality is built into the personality and further development takes places if you fail to master the task it results in a negative outcome The overall task of the individual is to acquire a positive ego identity which leads to becoming a more well adjusted person He came up with 8 psycho social views Stages DNTK All In Depth o Identity vs diffusion what we focus on a sense of one s current and future self vs lack of commitment and instability trying different hats struggling to find their identity and sense of self character development majority of adolescents grow out of this Identity search a normative crisis Psychosocial moratorium a societal sanctioned intermediary period b w childhood and adulthood parents allow their children a form of excuse and can allow them to get away with more b c it is recognized as a confusing and difficult time snapping Emerging adulthood last until mid late 20s Jean Piaget s Theory Children of different ages think differently Changes in cognitive development proceed in distinct stages i e discontinuous can process different things at different stages Each person s cognitive abilities are organized into one coherent mental structure His approach is known as the cognitive developmental approach The driving forces behind development from one stage to the next is maturation the more you mature the more you will understand cognitively b c you build on things that you have learned maturation is an active process His approach the cognitive developmental approach The driving forces behind dev From 1 stage to the next is maturation 5 Piaget portrayed maturation as an active process Children seek out information and stimulation in the environment that matches the maturity of their thinking This is in contrast with other theories such as behaviorism which views the environment as acting on the child through rewards and punishments like behaviorism Schemes Assimilation Occurs when new information is altered to fit an existing scheme adding new information not every blue
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