CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Spring 2015 Exam 3 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 11 Premarital Sexual Behavior African Americans report a higher incidence of premarital intercourse than Caucasians have had more partners and report being currently sexually active Adolescents who are religious tend to be lower in sexual permissiveness Adolescents who report having a boyfriend or girlfriend are more likely to have sex especially true of girls who have boyfriends that are 2 or 3 years older than them Those who are the youngest at first intercourse tend to engage in more sexual behavior in adolescence Girls periods and boys who go through puberty at an early age are more likely to become sexually active sooner Warm close parent relationships normally have teens who are not as sexually active early in adolescents Parents who monitor their children s behavior by setting rules and curfews are less likely to have sexually active teens Girls who come from a father absent home are also more likely to engage in early sexual behavior o Reasons for first intercourse Mentioned above Also peer standards of sex and problem behaviors influence sexual behavior in young adolescents o General sense of How many adolescents have had sex 7 of kids have has sex by 13 30 of 15 17 year olds have reported engaging in sexual intercourse and 66 70 of kids ages 18 19 say they are not virgins Who they are having sex with age of partner relationship type Most sexually active adolescents have partners their own age of adolescent girls report that their first sexual partner was either the same age or 1 3 years older than them Boys answered their first sexual intercourse to opportunity and most girls answered that they were in love Sexual pluralism Americans live in a pluralistic society different individuals accept not one but a number of standards o abstinence commitment friends with benefits ulterior motives for sex The term abstinence varies greatly from individual to individual Standards differ some allow kissing with affection or sex with affection Sex with affection but without commitment has become the standard of many adolescents The double standard refers to how it s more acceptable for men to be sexually active than girls Girls fear reputation more than boys Men accept sex without love more readily than females CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Spring 2015 Exam 3 Study Guide Sexual aggression and saying no to unwanted sex 9 of high schooler s report being abused by their partners Many teens feel obligated to his or her partner to have sexual intercourse Teens afraid of being labeled gay if they are not sexually active Females use a variety of rejection strategies avoiding sexual behavior I m not ready yet Contraceptives and STDs Teen pregnancy o What kinds of contraceptives are adolescents most likely to use Condoms 94 and birth control 61 o What are the most common STDs among adolescents Most to least common HPV Trichomonoaisis chlamydia genital herpes gonorrhea o Why contraceptives are not used Students are misinformed about about safe times to have sex and the likelihood of pregnancy teens believe it won t happen to them and some want to get pregnant because they believe they are in love and want to ensure the long term relationship o Access to contraceptives can adolescents get contraceptives What impact does this availability have on sexual activity among teens Some adults are worried about the availability of contraceptives will increase sexual interest in teens The availability of contraceptives is a major determinant as to whether they are used and pregnancy results Sex education should educate about contraception but then adults argue that if teens know too much they will get in trouble o outcomes for mothers and fathers 97 of adolescent mothers decide to keep their babies Teenage mothers are more likely to be poor have poor relationships poor with social skills not likely to go to college trapped in a downward spiral Normally 3 generations share the cost of the baby for women Adolescent boys who become fathers are similar to adolescent girls in relation to being poor live in poor neighborhoods and do poorly I school Contact with the mother and child decrease over time They can t contribute financially to the child o differences in rates between US and other countries US has highest rates of teen pregnancy out of most all countries This number is decreasing o theories of determinants of sexual orientation 1 Biological theories Genetic differences exposure to atypical concentrations of prenatal sex hormones differences in brain structure 2 Psychoanalytical Theories Parenting Differences homosexuality being caused in problems with parent child relationships 3 Social Learning Theories conditioning Gay and lesbian youth CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Spring 2015 Exam 3 Study Guide Sex education through reinforcement or punishment of early sexual thoughts feelings and behaviors o youth adjustment Gay Teens find it difficult to come to grips with their sexual identity Some go through a period of denial and are afraid to tell their parents They experience different stressors such as teasing o Approaches and their effectiveness Parents are an important source of transmission of information about sex to their children Some parents are embarrassed to discuss the subject some are uninformed and do not know how to teach sex to their children and some think that the talk will lead to sexual exploration in their teens Many agree how schools should teach students all about sex STD s and birth control Chapter 12 Views on education o Traditionalists vs progressives Traditionalists argue the purpose of education is to teach the basics English math science history and foreign languages to increase student knowledge and intellectual powers Progressiveness urge that the purpose of education is to prepare students for life by teaching citizenship home and family living a vocation physical health gratifying use of leisure time and effective personal growth The traditionalist progressive debate has continued partly because both sides that education has an important role in reforming society o Performance goal structure vs task mastery structure Performance goal structure is schooling presented as a competitive atmosphere in which the goal is to get the highest grade in the class
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