CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 3 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 11 Premarital Sexual Behavior Sexual pluralism o Reasons for first intercourse 43 of males say opportunity while 23 of males say they were in love 54 of women said they were in love while only 11 said they had the opportunity 9 of women said they had intercourse for the first time unwanted o General sense of How many adolescents have had sex 7 by 13 30 by 15 17 66 70 by 18 19 Teens now are less likely to have sex at a very young age than previously Teens are more likely to be more serially monogamous Who they are having sex with age of partner relationship type of females say they had sex with someone either their same age or 1 3 years older Most girls lose their virginity with a steady boyfriend o Abstinence exact meaning is specific to each individual where some believe that kissing is only ok to the spectrum of only being a technical virgin o Commitment exact meaning varies for each person some teens will only engage in intercourse with affection commitment and responsibility so they understand the consequences of their action Includes contraceptive use to protect from pregnancy or STDs Some will only engage in intercourse with exclusive dating engagement or living together o Friends with benefits sex with affection without commitment may or may not use birth control and have no promises of future no intention to move relationship into romantic partnerships common in colleges 50 60 of undergrads engage in these behaviors o Ulterior motives for sex people who have sex because they want to have sex without emotional involvement because they enjoy it and it s no strings attached Motives can include to punish in spite to get pregnant on purpose to punish someone to win or return favors to control behavior to build ego Sexual aggression and saying no to unwanted sex studies indicate it is quite common 9 of high school students report sexual aggression with rates highest for older students and black students with 7 5 have been forced into sex during the aggression Unwanted sex is consenting sex but they would rather not be participating and is more common Saying no to unwanted sex includes rejection strategies like avoiding enticing behavior and intimate situations ignoring sexual signals and saying no as well as rejection They can also use delaying themes and threats Contraceptives and STDs o What kinds of contraceptives are adolescents most likely to use Condoms birth control and withdrawal are top 3 Black teens more likely to use condoms white teens to use birth control and gay teens are more likely to not use anything Older teens are more likely to use birth control More than of teen couples use CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 3 Study Guide Teen pregnancy some form of contraceptive 96 of adolescent girls use contraceptives at least sporadic o What are the most common STDs among adolescents HPV trichimoniasis and chlamydia Warts and gonorrhea are more widespread among adolescents than adults People age 18 24contract 50 of new STDs Girls are more at risk than boys African Americans whites latinos for most new cases The two best predictors of STD risk are condom use and number of partners o Why contraceptives are not used Negative experiences in the past fear of seeming like they have a disease misinformation disregard for risk unwillingness to take responsibility unknowledgeable of methods parental disapproval and wanting to get pregnant o Access to contraceptives can adolescents get contraceptives What impact does this availability have on sexual activity among teens Availability has no influence on whether youths have sex but it does determine if they are used and whether they will get pregnant There are no restrictions on non prescription contraceptives and you do not need parent consent for contraceptives o Outcomes for mothers 97 of the 57 of adolescent mothers decide to keep their babies American teen moms should be considered a tragedy Teen childbearing affects the grandparents the teen mom and the baby Teen moms are more likely to be poor have poor relationships with partners and parents have experienced child abuse and have poor parents Teen moms are more likely to use drugs be abused delinquent etc Moms are unlikely to go to college stay married get good jobs etc o Outcomes for fathers contact usually steadily decreases after the child s birth Fathers are likely to be poor live in low income areas be dropouts delinquents and do poorly in school Only of teen dads stay living together with the mom and child consistently Teen dads cite maternal resistance and lack of being able to contribute as reasons to lack of parenting and generally have problems before o Differences in rates between US and other countries US has highest rate of teen pregnancy in industrialized countries with 80 of pregnancies among teens unplanned US teens are no more likely to be sexually active but are less likely to use contraceptives Teen pregnancy rate in the US is dropping but is still higher Poverty is more common in the US and poverty is a predictor of high pregnancy rates US government provides less health care services to middle class citizens than other countries so access to free or low cost contraceptives is not consistent Physicians don t really concern themselves with contraceptives unless they re gynecologists and there aren t really any programs in place in the US to discourage teen pregnancy Gay and lesbian youth o Theories of determinants of sexual orientation Biological 1 genetic differences 2 exposure to atypical concentrations of hormones prenatally 3 differences in brain structure Psychoanalytic 1 There is little evidence that CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 3 Study Guide parent s effect sexual orientation 2 most children of gay parents are straight Social Learning 1 No one knows the exact causes and there are no consistent environmental factors lead researchers to believe biological reasons must be the biggest influencers o Youth adjustment The majority of gay men recognized their homosexual orientation early in life Less typical for lesbians to be aware of their homosexuality during adolescence Some adjust fine while many teens find it difficult to come out and experience additional adolescent challenges More difficult than heterosexual youth to come to grips
View Full Document
Unlocking...