CHD 3243 Exam 3 04 24 2015 Sex during Adolescence STDs and Teen Pregnancy True or False Teens are actually waiting longer to have sex than teens in the past True Hooking Up with casual acquaintances is more common for teens than sex with romantic relationships False majority of teens have their first sexual intercourse experience with someone who they are in a romantic relationship with Boys want sex girls want love False but it is much more complicated Teens are poor user of condoms and contraceptives False Premarital Sexual Behavior most sexually active adolescents have partners near their own age about three quarters of adolescent girls say that their first sexual partner was either the same age as themselves or between 1 and 3 years older first time having intercourse males 43 attributed it to opportunity 23 said it was because they were in love females 11 attributed it to opportunity 54 said it was because they were in love overall todays adolescents are having sex earlier than their grandparents but perhaps not their parents or older siblings today teens are less likely to have ever engaged in intercourse less likely to be currently sexually active and less likely to have had 4 or more sexual partners than teens in the early 1990s Correlation of adolescent sexual activity Age Race ethnicity the older they are the more likely adolescents are to have had premarital coitus or sexual intercourse African American s report a higher incidence of premarital intercourse then Caucasians Latinos fall midway between blacks and whites Asian Americans adolescents are less likely to be sexually active than teens from other racial and ethnic groups they often postpone kissing or petting until 20s Religion Boyfriend or Girl friend intercourse religiosity and a lower sexual permissiveness go together adolescents with a boy girl friend are more likely to have sexual especially true of girls with older boyfriends 3 years or more Young age at first intercourse those who are youngest at first intercourse tend to engage in more sexual behavior later in adolescence than those who report older ages at the first intercourse age at puberty the earlier a girl reaches menarche the younger she will likely be when she has first intercourse boys who reach puberty at an early age are more likely to become sexually active sooner than boys who do not Parental behaviors and relationships parents who are warm close relationship with their children have offspring who remain abstinent delay intercourse and have fewer sexual partners o same with partners who talk to their children about sexual values and regulate and monitor their children s behavior girls who grow up in a father absent home are more likely to seek sexual relationships as a means of finding affection and social approval than are girls in father present homes adolescents from reconstituted families report more sexual experience then those from intact families Gender boys Problem behaviors adolescent girls are more likely to link sex and romance or love than o they are more willing to become sexually involved in order to express love intimacy and commitment Educational expectations those who engage in early sexual activity are more likely to abuse drugs than those who don t especially alcohol the higher the educational expectations the less likely they are to have premarital sexual intercourse Contraceptive Use Rate has been increasing some rates report as many as 90 of girls who are sexually active use contraceptives but still more sporadic than adults o not using consistently or correctly so still at risk for STD or pregnancy Condoms are the most used form the pill is the second most common choice and the withdrawal is the third o withdrawal method is not effective condoms are a good choice for teens since they protect against pregnancy and STDs o the pill only protects against pregnancy birth control is a function of race ethnicity age and sexual orientation o blacks are more likely to use condoms whites are more likely to use the pill and gays aren t likely to use anything more likely to contract an STD why aren t condoms used more often o Don t think its going to happen to them o Negative experience with them or know somebody who had a negative experience Ex condom broke allergy didn t feel as good o General disregard for risk o A lack of self efficacy o An unwillingness to take responsibility for oneself and the perception that condoms are ineffective o Users have to be knowledgeable of the method and willing to admit that they are sexually active Should teens have contraceptives o Legal since 1977 o Availability has minimal effect on sexual activity o Use greatly decreases chances of pregnancy and STDs o One major goal of sex education should be to provide information about contraceptives Some who oppose sex education argue that if teens know too much then they will use their knowledge to get them in trouble STDs very common 50 of all new STD cases each year are to persons 25 years old Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are especially common in teens Girls are more at risk than boys more likely asymptomatic o which means they do not usually notice the symptoms until they have already done harm to their body and more likely to contract if partner is infected African American females are more likely to contract than white and whites are more at risk than Latinos HPV is the most common STD that is contracted following by trichomomiasis AIDS AIDs is the 6th leading cause of death for americans 15 24 Causation and Diagnosis of AIDs caused by HIV however not everyone with HIV has AIDs humans can carry it for years spreading it without even noticing treatment and transmissions of HIV AIDs to date there is not a cure for AIDs however there is increasingly better drug therapies being developed that slow the onset of the symptoms HIV may be found in the semen blood vaginal secretions urine saliva tears and breast milk of infected individuals Other than abstinence condoms have been widely promoted as the best method of preventing the spread of AIDs Unintended Pregnancy U S has the second highest adolescent pregnancy rate in the industrialized world rates are declining though 15 fewer than in 70s and 80s about 20 of sexually active American teenage girls get pregnant each year 80 are unplanned Causation Theories American teens are no more likely to be sexually active they are less likely to use contraceptives though the poverty rate is higher in the United
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