CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 6 Dimensions of the self o basic self concept FIRST DEMENSION this is the conscious cognitive perception and assessment by an individual of himself or herself It s one s thoughts and opinions about oneself It is more limited in scope than identity which is more complete more coherent and more forward projecting as it includes long term goals The first step in the development of self concept occurs when a person realizes he or she is a distinct individual what they see when they look at themselves and their skills Also known as global entity how someone feels about themself Adolescents view of his or her personality o transitory self concepts SECOND DEMENSION These ideas of self are influenced by the mood of the moment or by a recent or continuing experience Ex A recent low grade on a test may leave a person feeling temporarily stupid o social selves THIRD DEMENSION The selves he or she thinks others see which in turn influence how the individual sees himself or herself If youths have the impression that others think they are boring or socially unacceptable they tend to think of themselves in these negative ways Ex the adolescents social status o ideal self FOURTH DEMENSION The kind of person the adolescent would like to be His or her aspirations may be realistic too low or too high Having a realistic concept of oneself leads to self acceptance mental health and the attainment of realistic goals Possible selves In their discussion of the link between motivation and self concept Oyserman and Markus focus on the adolescent s possible selves These are the people he or she might be someday they refer to the future not to the present o hoped for selves the people we wish to become o expected selves the people we think we will likely become o feared selves the people we dread becoming What contributes to a positive self concept Significant others those who occupy a high level of importance they are influential and their opinions are meaningful parents adolescents with higher self esteem report higher intimacy with mothers and fathers mother daughter relationships father son relationships parental conflict lower self esteem socioeconomic status Low SES adolescents have lower self esteem than high SES students race ethnicity gender females lower than males but is based on different attributes Disabilities those with physical disabilities have negative body images and hence have more difficultly developing positive self concept and self esteem than others stress negatively correlated as stress goes up self esteem goes down Erikson s view on identity development o How does identity develop What contributes to a strong identity Making choices by exploring alternatives and committing to roles You have to make CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide many decisions before you fully develop your identity 1 Temporal Perspective vs time confusion 2 Self certainty vs self consciousness 3 Role experimentation vs role fixation 4 Apprenticeship vs work paralysis 5 Sexual polarization vs bisexual confusion 6 Leadership and fellowship vs authority confusion 7 Ideological commitment vs confusion of values o Marcia s identity statuses diffused foreclosure moratorium achieved 1 Diffused have not experienced a crisis period nor have they made any commitment to an occupation religion political philosophy sex roles or personal standards of behavior Normal characteristic of early adolescents 2 Foreclosed Have not experienced a crisis but they have made commitments to occupations and idiologies that are not the result of their own searching but are ready made and handed down frequently by their parents They become what others want them to become Can t distinguish their own goals from the goals others have set for them 3 Moratorium means a period of delay granted to someone who is not ready to make a decision or assume a obligation Some are involved in continuing crisis s some avoid dealing with problems These adolescents are often uncertain they picked the right major in college and may be unhappy with their college experience Going to college often moves adolescents from foreclosed to moratorium 4 Identity achieved have experienced psychological moratorium have resolved their identity crisis by carefully evaluating various alternatives and choices and have come to conclusions and decisions on their own Identity as a process identity control system a construct that describes the process of developing an identity It consists of 2 interpersonal social behavior interpersonal feedback from others and 3 intrapersonal factors self concept identity standards beliefs about how one should behave and a comparator assesses similarity between the two Three styles of identity searching 1 Youths with informational styles seek out diagnostic information and modify their plans and behaviors if necessary to try and match it This style characterizes moratorium and identity achieved individuals 2 Others have a normative style they are resistant to change and block out discrepant information This is a characteristic style of foreclosed adolescents 3 Diffused individuals are most likely to exhibit an avoidant style of searching They put off making decisions and evade feedback when they do make changes they are superficial and short lived Four patterns of acculturation separation assimilation integration marginality 1 Separation involves exclusive focus on the cultural values and practices of the ethnic group and little or no interaction with the dominant society Assimilation opposite of separation occurs when the ethnic group member chooses to identify solely with the culture of the dominant society and relinquish all ties to his or her ethnic heritage Integration characterized by strong identification and involvement with both the dominant society s culture s and the traditional ethnic culture Marginality is identified by the absence or loss of one s culture or orgin and the lack of involvement with the dominant society CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Gender identity o blended biculturalism alternating biculturalism fusion This is the division of integration blended biculturalism and alternating biculturalism Blended the state in which one finds the commonalities between one s ethnic and
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