CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 6 Dimensions of the self o basic self concept always in the process of changing adolescents view of his or her personality and perceptions of his abilities and his status and roles in the outer world self concept conscious cognitive perception and assessment by an individual of himself or herself it is one s thoughts and opinions about oneself first step a person recognized that he or she is a distinct separate individual often described as as a global entity meaning how someone feels about themselves in general but also been described as multiple self conceptions six different selves who I really am who I think I am who others think I am who I think others think I am who I think I will become who I think others want me to become proprium all aspects of personality that make for inward unity the core of all personal identity transitory self concepts influenced by the mood of the moment or by a recent of continuing experience social selves the selves he or she thinks others see which in turn influences how the individual sees himself or herself ideal self the kind of person an adolescent would like to be an ideal self that is too low impedes accomplishment too high may lead to frustration and self depreciation having a realistic concept leads to self acceptance mental health and attainment of realistic goals Possible selves hoped for selves the people we wish to become expected selves the people we think we will become feared selves the people we dread becoming What contributes to a positive self concept o o o o o o o Significant others others views of us the way we think others view us Individuals who occupy a high level of importance influential and their opinions are meaningful o Parents adolescents with higher self esteem report greater intimacy with their mothers and father Mother adolescent relationships is an important factor esp for adolescent girls Father child relationships serve different but equally important roles in adolescent development When children perceive conflict between parents or between themselves and parents lower self esteem can be expected o Socioeconomic status Low SES students have lower self esteem than high SES students The effect of socioeconomic status appears to be more indirect than direct teenagers are doing poorly because of economic status Teenagers from low income families are unlikely to be able to afford latest fashion or clubs that make people popular which leads to feeling judge and lower self esteem o Race ethnicity CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide self esteem in African Americans has risen adolescents who have a healthy dose of racial pride are apt to have a higher self esteem Asian American youth are found to have the lowest self esteem o Gender o Disabilities o Stress In adolescence girls global self esteem is somewhat lower than boys Girls self esteem is tied much more strongly to their perceived physical attractiveness and their feelings of interconnectedness Boys self esteem is most strongly related to their feelings of achievement and athletic ability Individuals with physical disabilities have negative body images and more difficulty developing positive self concepts and self esteem Erikson s view on identity development As stress goes up self esteem goes down o How does identity develop What contributes to a strong identity Temporal perspective versus time confusion gaining a sense of time and the continuity of life estimating and allocating ones time does not develop until age 15 or 16 Self certainty versus self consciousness developing self confidence based on past experiences so that a person believes in himself or herself and believes there is a chance of accomplishing future aims Role experimentation versus role fixation trying out different roles personality characteristics ways or talking and acting goals and types of relationship Apprenticeship versus work paralysis exploring and trying out different occupations before deciding on vocation choice of career Sexual polarization versus bisexual confusion clear identification with one sex or the other as a base for heterosexual intimacy and as a basis for firm identity sexual polarization Leadership and followership versus authority confusion expanding social horizons beginning to take on leadership responsibilities and understanding how to follow them Ideological commitment versus confusion of values individuals need something to believe in or follow o Marcia s identity statuses diffused foreclosure moratorium achieved Diffused have not experienced a crisis period have not made commitments to occupation religion sex roles More unsophisticated identity status normal for early adolescents Foreclosure have not experienced a crisis but have made commitments to occupations and ideologies that are ready made handed down by parents at times They become what others want them to be Are not able to distinguish between their own goals and the ones parents plan for them Often authoritarian and intolerant Negative identity derives satisfaction from rebelling against and defying more obedient mainstream individuals reverse foreclosure CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide o Identity as a process identity control system Moratorium period of delay granted to someone who is not yet ready to make a decision or assume an obligation Experiencing crises they tend to be anxious try on identities Achieved resolved their identity crises by evaluating alternatives and choices have come to conclusions and decisions on their own Identity control system consists of two interpersonal and three intrapersonal components Interpersonal social behavior and interpersonal feedback one gets back Intrapersonal factors self concept ones identity standards beliefs about how one should behave and a comparator asses the similarity between the two Three styles of identity searching o Informational style seek out diagnostic information and modify their plans and behavior if necessary to match it o Normative style resistant to change and block out discrepant information o Avoidant style put off making and evade feedback Ethnic identity sum total of group members feelings about those symbols values and common histories that identify them as a distinct group Four patterns of
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