Chapter 11 Sexual Behaviors 12 05 2015 Premarital Sexual Behavior Reasons for first intercourse o Men because of opportunity o Women because they were in love o Males are more satisfied with first sex than females How many adolescents have had sex o 7 experience sex before 13 o 30 between 15 17 o 66 70 between 18 19 Who are they having sex with Age of partner relationship type o Serial monogamy one dates and has sex with one partner at the same time Sexual Pluralism o Americans live in a pluralistic society different individuals accept not one but a number of standards of sexual behavior o Standards Abstinence until marriage Sex with affections commitment and responsibility Sex with affection without commitment Sex without commitment has become common among adolescents 50 60 of college kids Or sex without affection o Alterior motives of sex To punish To win or return favoes To control behaviors To build up an ego Sexual Aggression o Double Standard of sexual ethics more acceptable for males than females diminishing but still present o Blacks are most likely o Forcible rape against women more common than men o Unwanted sexual activity have sex because they feel obligated or think they will be broken up with No racial difference in ability to say no forces unwanted sex with someone the victim forced unwanted sex with someone the o Stranger rape does not know victim knows o Acquaintance rape o Date rape Contraceptives and STDs unwanted sex with a date 90 of sexually active females not on birth control will get pregnant within a year 96 of girls use birth control o most common form of birth control is condom next most common is the pill why contraceptives aren t used o negative experience with condoms breakage decreased sensation Most common STDs o More widespread with adolescents than adults o HPV is most common 4 5 million new cases a year o blacks more likely to get STD than whites o AIDS 6th leading cause of death in 15 42 year olds blacks are most likely to become infected no cure Teen Pregnancy 750 000 american girls become pregnant each year more than 80 of American teen pregnancies are unplanned black teens are 3x more likely than white teens Outcomes o Four possible Adolescent chooses to keep the baby Elect to have abortion Miscarry Adoption o Mothers father 97 of moms keep their babies believes that baby will improve their relationship with o Fathers Male is usually older Less than 40 of teen s fathers were living with baby and mom after a year Fathers usually leave school early have lower earning jobs and work fewer weeks per year Teen fathers are 2x as likely to be a delinquent and 3x as likely to be a drug user Gay and Lesbian Youth gender Homosexuality someone who has sexual interest in their own o Most gay men recognize their sexuality early in life but lesbians are usually aware during adolescence Determinants of sexuality o Biological theories Genetic Differences majorly genetics If a twin is gay 2 3 chance other twin is also Exposure to atypical concentrations of prenatal sex hormones Elevated and lowered testosterone can affect hypothalamus development which is large determinant of sex drive Differences in brain structure Bundle of nerve fibers in hypothalamus found 3x larger in homosexual males than heterosexual o Psychoanalytic Parenting theories Very little evidence showing that parenting affects sexuality 90 of sons of gay fathers are straight o Social Learning theory It is thought that one may lean towards homosexuality if they ve had a negative heterosexual experience Youth Adjustment o The unhappiest are those who are never able to accept their condition but lead separate lives Often isolated lonely unhappy and terribly afraid of rejection o Often hard to come out to parents Fear of abandonment or abuse 60 80 of teens eventually disclose to their mothers only 50 65 disclose to fathers parents are RARELY first to know Sex Education Sources of sex information o siblings o 20 teacher o 12 parents o 5 relative Role of parents o Many parent child sex talks are limited to simply the physical changes involved in puberty and impersonal topics pregnancy and STD Topics such as masturbation nocturnal emission how to use protection and orgasms rarely discusses o Mothers much more likely to have the talk than fathers Some parents are too embarrassed to discuss the subject Some parents are uninformed Some parents are afraid that knowledge will lead to experimentation Some parents are too late Some parents set a negative example at home o More conservative religious parents only talk about negative affects of sex Role of schools o They should have sex ed School is only social institution that reaches all youths Does sex ed encourage promiscuity o Participation delays onset of intercourse and increases use of BC Approaches to Sex Ed o Abstinence preferred model Attempt to teach students that participating celibacy during teen years is preferred Little info is giving about STDs and BC o Abstinence only model Stresses that one should remain celibate until marriage No info about BC is provided and ONLY focuses on the negative consequences 1 3 of schools teach abstinence only and it s growing Abstinence is presented as an option but also includes o Comprehensive broader options Chapter 12 Education and School 12 05 2015 Views on Education Traditionalist o Argue that purpose of education is to teach the basics English math science etc o Increasing student knowledge Progressive o Argue purpose of education is to prepare them for life Give them the skills they will need I the real world Don t disagree with math but using more of how to use math when cooking or converting liters to quarts o more into physical health o big proponents of vocational programs o students should be recognized as individuals and trained to participate in society Rise of progressive education o Began in 1930s depression really affected job market and caused a lot more people to stay in school o Education programs start having less emphasis while career programs get more o Alternative forms of education in 1990 s Magnet Schools Enrollment jumped dramatically themed schools within the public education system Charter Schools Newer in concept Hybrid between public and private Sponsored by tax dollars and accountable to government but do not have to adhere to as many regulations School district subsidizes the cost of a child going Vouchers to school EX if public school in area is bad you could get a voucher
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