CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 6 pages 149 171 Dimensions of the self o Basic self concept Adolescents view of his or her personality and perceptions of his or her abilities in his status and roles in the outer world o Transitory self concepts These ideas of self are influenced by the mood of the moment or by a recent or continuing experience a recent low grade on an exam may leave a person with a feeling of being stupid o Social selves themselves o Ideal self The selves he or she thinks others see which influences how they see If someone thinks that others view them as boring and socially unaccepted than they will view themself that way The kind of person an adolescent would like to be can be too realistic too high or too low Possible selves o hoped for selves o expected selves o feared selves What contributes to a positive self concept o To have a postitive self concept there must be a correspondence bwtween their self concept and their self ideals o Significant others Their opinions occupy a high level of importance o Parents o Socioeconomic Status Greater intimacy with parents is linked to a higher self concept Low SES have lower self esteem than those with a higher SES Effects of SES seem to increase with age They don t view themselves harshly because they are poor however they are doing poorly because of their economic status 1n 1950 s African Americans have lower self esteem than Caucasian children however after the civil rights movement African Americans have the highest self concept o Race and Ethnicity o Gender Girls have a lower self esteem than boys CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Generally due to body image and athletic ability Disabilities Stress Individuals with physical disabilities have negative body image hence have a harder time developing positive self images In teens as stress increases self esteem goes down Erikson s view on identity development o How does identity develop What contributes to a strong identity Identity is formed by making choices regarding things like political philosophies and religious practices making choices by exploring alternatives and committing to roles As one moves through life if these values and beliefs are no longer appropriate one can engage in a task of identity redefinition and refinement learning to allocate ones experimenting with different Apprenticeship vs work paralysis Role experimentation vs role fixation Temporal perspective vs time confusion time doesn t develop until 15 or 16 developing self confidence Self Certainty vs self consciousness based on past experiences so that a person believes in himself or herself and believes that there is a reasonable chance of accomplishing future aims roles they can play in society deciding on a vocation defining what it means to be male or female Erikson believed it was important to identify with one sex he was criticized for this Leadership and followership versus authority confusion how to be a leader and who to follow deciding who to pledge allegiances to Ideological commitment vs confusion of values ones ideology should guide many aspects of one s behavior individuals need something to believe in and follow Sexual Polarization vs bisexual confusion exploring occupations before learning o Marcia s identity statuses diffused foreclosure moratorium achieved Marcia believed that one must undergo crisis and commitment to attain a mature identity he identified four basic identity statuses people who are identity diffused have noe Identity diffused experienced a crisis nor have committed to a religion political philosophy sex role or personal standards o Most immature identity phase o Ex Where do you wanna live when you grow up Idk I haven t thought about it CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Foreclosure subjects have not experienced a crisis but they have made commitments to occupations ideologies that are not a result of their own searching Ex Kids taking parents political views without doing research Moratorium period of delay prior to making any decisions Exploring options before making a decision People who have a tendency to procrastinate People who haven t picked a major generally unhappy with college experience Identity Achieved resolved a crisis and have come to conclusions and decisions on their own experienced a psychological moratorium have Usually not achieved by college graduation Identity as a process identity control system o Erikson and Marcias approaches both view identity as an outcome not a process however Burke viewed identity as a process Burke envisions and identity control system that consists of two interpersonal and three intrapersonal components Interpersonal components interpersonal feedback one gets from others Intrapersonal components are about one s self concept are ones social behavior and the o Identity standards beliefs about how one should behave and a comparator that assesses the similarity between the two Three styles of identity searching Four patterns of acculturation o Separation o Assimilation o Integration o Marginality A Cuban teenager solely focuses on his Cuban culture Cuban teenager focuses on United States main stream culture He strongly identifies with both cultures Absence of identification Lack of involvement with either culture finds commonalities between his or her ethnic culture and Phinney and Devich Navarro o blended biculturalism the mainstream society o alternating biculturalis Gender identity m goes back and fourth between two cultures identifies with with American culture and school and Cuban culture at home o fusion merges both cultures into a coherent whole chicanos o gender schema theory a revised cognitive developmental approach to gender that emphasizes the effects of labeling attention and interest in gender beleifes 1 Realizes he or she is a boy or girl 2 Things are boy things and girl things 3 Children begin to perform gender appropriate actions CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide children learn sex type behavior through a combination of o Social learning theory reward punishment direct instruction and modeling characteristics and roles o Androgyny gender role transcendence a blending of male and female female who feels comfortable lifting weights pumping gas and changing oil o Gender
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