CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 3 Study Guide Chapters 11 15 This is a very in depth review for a quicker review pay attention to the comments Chapter 11 Sexual Behaviors The onset of puberty is accompanied by an increasing interest in sex o First the interest is self centered focusing on physical changes happening to the adolescent s body This early concern is centered on developing an acceptable body image rather than on erotic sensations or expression o Young adolescents then become interested in the development of others as well as their own Boys and girls slowly become aware of their own developing sexual feelings and drives and how these are aroused and expressed Crude behavior language and personal sexual experimentation are motivated by a desire to understand human sexuality and their own sexual feelings o Eventually adolescents become interested in sexual experimentation with others This interest is motivated part by curiosity part by a desire for sexual stimulation and release and part by a need for love affection intimacy and acceptance from another person Premarital Sexual Behavior o Reasons for first intercourse Most teens have sex with other teens or with very young adults 43 of high school males report losing their virginity due to opportunity whereas only 23 reported they were in love 54 of high school females report losing their virginity because they were in love while only 11 reported that they had the opportunity Growing incidence of unwanted first intercourse o General sense of How many adolescents have had sex Most Americans lose their virginity at age 18 7 of teens have experienced sexual intercourse by age 13 30 of teens aged 15 17 report having engaged in sexual intercourse 66 70 of teens aged 18 19 report having lost their virginity Who they are having sex with age of partner relationship type African Americans are more likely to have experienced intercourse as high schoolers to have become sexually active at a young age to have had a relatively large number of partners and to report they are currently sexually active as compared to Caucasians Latinos fall between whites and blacks on the matter and Asian American adolescents are less likely to be sexually active than teens from other racial and ethnic groups Teens prefer serial monogamy in which one dates and has intercourse with only one partner at a time CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 3 Study Guide Chapters 11 15 Sexual pluralism o Pluralistic Society a society in which there are many different competing standards of behavior o Pluralistic standards include abstinence until marriage Sex with affection commitment and responsibility sex with affection and commitment but without responsibility sex with affection but without commitment or sex without affection o Sexuality is often driven by needs that have nothing to do with sex Emotional needs include curiosity the desire to receive affection loneliness need to gain status confirmation of masculinity femininity bolstering self esteem or escape from boredom o Abstinence commitment friends with benefits ulterior motives for sex The definition of abstinence differs from individual to individual some adolescents only allow kissing while others engage in mutual masturbation but stop short of intercourse Some adolescents will have intercourse only if engaged others only if they are living together and others only if committed to exclusive dating Friends with Benefits friends with whom one has sex oral sex or intercourse there is no implied commitment and no intent to move the relationship into a romantic partnering Ulterior motives for sex include To punish She made me mad so just for spite I did it To win or return favors I spent money on you tonight so what do I get To control behavior If I sleep with you will you stay with me To build up the ego I bet you twenty dollars I can score Sexual aggression and saying no to unwanted sex o 9 of high school students reported having been hit or physically hurt by their boyfriend or girlfriend during the previous year the rates were highest for black and twelfth grade students o 7 5 reported being forced to have sexual intercourse forcible rape was more commonly experienced by females than males o Rates are much higher when coercive as well as forcible rape is counted because in many cases physical violence is not used o Rates are even higher when unwanted sexual activity is counted this occurs when someone consents to sex even though the individual would rather not o Females use a variety of rejection strategies to avoid unwanted sexual activity and females reported they were more likely than males to believe they could say no to unwanted sex Contraceptives and STDs o What kinds of contraceptives are adolescents most likely to use More than of teenage couples use some form of birth control mostly condoms when they last had intercourse 96 of adolescent girls use contraception at least sporadically CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 3 Study Guide Chapters 11 15 The most common contraceptive method used by US adolescents is the condom followed by the birth control pill withdrawal etc Many health officials believe the condom is the best type of contraceptive because it greatly reduces the risk of pregnancy as well as the probability of contracting an STD o What are the most common STDs among adolescents 50 of new cases of STDs contracted by individuals 15 24 years of age HPV human papilloma virus is the most commonly contracted STD with more than 4 5 million new cases each year Trichomoniasis is the 2nd most likely STD for an individual to contract Chlamydia gonorrhea syphilis and hepatitis B are among the 10 most frequently reported infections in the US Adolescent girls are more at risk for STDs than boys o Why contraceptives are not used Users have to be willing to admit that they are sexually active and must be willing and able to obtain contraceptives as needed Some students are misinformed about safe times to have sex and the likelihood of pregnancy and some hesitate because of fear of parental disapproval o Access to contraceptives can adolescents get contraceptives What impact does this availability have on sexual activity among teens The Supreme Court ruled that no state could legally restrict the distribution of contraceptives to minors and that nonprescription devices could be dispensed by those other than registered pharmacies Most adults agree that contraceptives should be made available to
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