9 24 15 Chapter 6 Self Concept Identity Ethnicity and Gender A Self Concept and Self Esteem a The self b Self concept cognitive perception and assessment of yourself c Self esteem judgment that you make about the self B Six Different Selves a Who I think I am b Who I think I will become c Who I think others want me to become d Who I really am e Who I think others think I am f Who others think I am C Self Concept and Self Esteem a Self concept It has some stable features but undergoes change i ii As children our self concept I physical long hair two brothers Don t base their judgments on other people iii As we grow our self concept becomes more abstract I am spiritual Start to use social comparisons D Four Basic Dimensions of the Self a Strang 1957 i The overall basic self concept Your view of your personality and your abilities ii Transitory self concepts Changes depending on what you are experiencing at that moment birthday party happy iii Social selves iv Ideal self Think about how your friends are perceiving you Who you want to be Lots of research on this On Facebook we post what we want people to see it is the self we want to present to the world If ideal self expectations are too low it impedes accomplishment if it is too high it can lead to frustration A realistic ideal self is important and leads to self acceptance mental health and feelings of accomplishment E Importance of a Good Self Concept a It motivates and directs one s behavior and helps to make good choices i Osyerman Markus Possible selves different people we envision ourselves becoming Hoped for selves ideal self who you want to become Expected selves who you think you will be Feared selves who you are afraid of becoming F Harter Dimensions of Self Esteems a Scholastic competence how well you do in school b Social acceptance being accepted by others c Athletic competence how good you are physically d Physical appearance what you look like e Job competence how good you are at your job f Romantic appeal whether or not you have a boyfriend girlfriend g Behavioral conduct if you get in trouble h Friendships do you have people you are close to These all affect our global self Physical appearance makes the biggest influence in girls Boys typically have higher self esteem than girls Research says you feel good about yourself first and that helps you do well in school You can feel good in some areas and not others but still have a good self esteem G Good Self Esteem affects Self concepts and their self ideals a Mental health suicidal behaviors i Those with low self esteem are more likely to be depressed have anxiety and ii Low self esteem is also associated with unwed pregnancies trying to boost self esteem eating disorders and drug abuse b Interpersonal competence and popularity i Those with low self esteem are less likely to be popular ii Experience a good deal of role strain The stress they experience when they are pulled in different directions Pressure to do well in sports from friends vs pressure to do well in school from parents iii Poor social adjustment iv Not leaders v Do not participate vi Do not stand up for their own rights or express their opinions c Academic self H Low Self Esteem affects a Delinquency i This idea was first proposed by Kaplan 1980 ii Self enhancement thesis based on troubled youths trying to improve their self esteem iii 1990s studies showed inconsistency and that this was not true iv Donnellan 2005 did research on this factoring out narcissism and found a strong relationship between low self esteem and delinquency If you are narcissistic that is related to delinquency and high self esteem v I Development of a Positive Self Concept a Significant others b Parents quality of the relationship between parent and child strongly affects self esteem i Acceptance autonomy flexibility support authoritative parenting style ii Relationship between the parents also influences adolescent s self esteem c Socioeconomic status an indirect effect i Adolescents are doing poorly because of their economic situation which lowers their self esteem d Race ethnicity prejudice reduces self esteem i African Americans have highest sense of self concept unless they are in a community where they experience a high amount of prejudice ii Adolescents in a predominantly African American school are more likely to feel good about themselves iii Their self esteem increases with a sense of ethnic identity iv Asian Americans have the lowest self esteem of minority groups Interesting because they are the model minority Most likely to face verbal harassment v Latino adolescents self esteem is midway between these two groups e Gender adolescent girls global self esteem is somewhat lower than boys i Girls self esteem comes from perceived physical attractiveness and interconnectedness ii Boys self esteem comes from feelings of achievement and athletic abilities f Disabilities both physical disabilities and cognitive disabilities g Stress negatively correlated stress goes up self esteem goes down a Self esteem is lower in early adolescence than childhood J Changes in Self Concept i Come to realize they might not be as great as they thought they were because of cognitive improvements ii Transition to middle school iii More teachers more impersonal b Gradually stabilizes c Eventually becomes more realistic d Girlfriends or boyfriends more important in adolescents e Appearance also more important in adolescents K Factors that Affect Self Esteem a Having success b Being recognized c Being athletic d Feeling attractive e Having authoritative parents f Setting high aspirations g Being close to parents L Can you have too much self esteem a Narcissism an overly vain and self absorbed person i Narcissism is higher now than it was in the 80s ii Narcissism is related to delinquents b Helicopter parents are preventing their children from experiencing failure i This does not allow them to be prepared to fail in the future ii Helicopter parents also continuously tell their children how great they are They do not think about how others feel because they are only focused on themselves Result in more anxiety and low self esteem because the child does not feel they can do anything on their own and without their parents c Authentic self esteem d How to increase self esteem i Identify causes What is the reason the child has a low self esteem Not well in school not enough friends ii Provide support Work on fixing that problem Get a tutor put in a
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