CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 6 Dimensions of the self pp 152 153 o there are four basic dimensions of the self o Strang 1957 basic self concept the adolescent s view of his or her personality and per ceptions of his abilities and his status and roles in the outer world transitory self concepts these ideas of the self are influenced by the mood of the moment or by a recent or continuing experience ex getting a low grade on an exam may leave a person feeling temporarily feeling stupid social selves the selves he or she thinks others see which in turn influ ences how the individual sees themselves self concept comes partly from an involvement of the self can be partly based on socioeconomic status or aspired socioeco ideal self the kind of person the adolescent would like to be an ideal self that is too low impedes accomplishment an ideal self that is too high may lead to frustration and self depre with others nomic status ciation o importance of a good self concept you are more likely to try new experiences you are more likely to push yourself and excel Possible selves p 153 o hoped for selves the person we aspire to become in the future o expected selves the person we believe we will become in the future if one s expected self is not positive the individual drifts into unproductive antisocial behavior may engage in self destructive activities the opposite is also true if one s expected behavior is positive and you believe you can achieve it the individual will work harder to improve the chances o feared selves the person you are afraid to become having a feared self can be a motivator to work hard and avoid an tisocial actions What contributes to a positive self concept pp 154 156 1 CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide o significant others occupy a high level of importance and are influential and their opinions are meaningful Their influence varies based on their degree of involve ment intimacy social support they provide and the power authority given to them by others o parents adolescents who have close relationships with their parents have higher self esteem associated with parental willingness to grant autonomy acceptance and warmth communication and parental support authoritative parenting style is more likely to raise adolescents with high self esteem mother adolescent relationship is an important factor positive and close relationships especially in adolescent girls cause them to feel confident wise reasonable and self controlled negative and distant relationships cause adolescent girls to feel rebellious touchy impulsive and tactless o socioeconomic status pp 154 155 small but significant influence low SES lower self esteem high SES higher self esteem effects appear to be stronger with increasing age more indirect o Race Ethnicity p 155 African American children had lower self esteem than Caucasian children 1953 research experiment though it has risen since the civil rights movement and is now reversed Asian Americans have the lowest self es teem o Gender p 156 globally girls have lower self esteem than boys Differences Males Higher levels of personal self esteem and self satisfaction Also felt better about their physical apperance and athletic abilities Females higher levels of conduct and moral ethical self esteem o Disabilities p 156 those with physical disabilities have lower self esteem than those who are not disabled same is true for those with cognitive disabilities o Stress p 156 negatively correlated with self esteem due to high stress during adolescents self esteem tends to be low o Overview p 157 Factors that increase self esteem self concept 2 CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide having successes being recognized being athletic feeling attractive having authoritative parents setting high vocational aspirations being close to one s parents Erikson s view on identity development p 158 o How does identity develop What contributes to a strong identity Seven Conflicts of identity Temporal perspective versus time confusion learning to estimate and allocate one s time Self certainty vs self consciousness involves developing self confidence based on past experiences Role experimentation vs role fixation take opportunities to try out different roles o different identities characteristics ways of talking acting ideas goals and types of relationships o not taking the opportunity to try new roles leads to one never finding out who they really are Apprenticeship vs work paralysis the opportunity to try out differ ent occupations before deciding on their career choice sexual polarization vs bisexual confusion determining what it means to be male or female erikson believed that one needed to have a clear identification with one sex or the other and to willingly assume proper gender roles in a society Leadership and followership vs authority confusion determines when one needs to assume which role in a situation Ideological commitment vs confusion of values ideology should guide many aspects of one s behavior referred to as the search for fidelity o Marcia s identity statuses diffused foreclosure moratorium achieved pp 158 161 Identity diffused no experienced crisis period not commitment to an oc cupation religion political philosophy sex roles or personal standards of behavior developmentally the most unsophisticated identity status and is usually a normal characteristic of early adolescents those who do not express interest in commitment may be masking underlying identity issues usually have low self esteem 3 CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide influenced by peer pressure lack meaningful friendships selfish and hedonistic foreclosure have not experienced a crisis but have made commitments to occupations and ideologies that were not a result of self searching but rather a result of being handed down by parents often identified with same sex parent unable to distinguish between their own goals and the ones their parents have set for them lack of independence low levels of healthy separation from parents individuals are often authoritarian and intolerant may be a means to reducing anxiety negative identity a variant of the foreclosure status o a reverse foreclosure o reject mainstream Moratorium period of delay granted to someone who is not yet ready to make
View Full Document
Unlocking...