CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 6 Dimensions of the self o The self is that part of an individual s personality of which he or she is aware o Basic self concept is a conscious cognitive perception and assessment by an individual of himself or herself its one s thoughts and opinions about oneself o Transitory self concepts this means that a person has a self concept that at some point he holding it but at other times he let go Self concept may be fun but also not fun His condition is very situational highly influenced by the atmosphere and the feeling emotion or past experience o self esteem refers to how one feels about oneself o social selves This species evolved on the basis of how individuals trust others who perceive themselves either through words or actions o ideal self is the kind of person an adolescent would like to be All people have 6 different selves the person they think they are the person others think they are the person they think others think they are the person they think they will become and the person they think others want them to become Possible selves o hoped for selves the people we hope to be in the future o expected selves the people we think we will likely be in the future o feared selves the people we are afraid of becoming in the future What contributes to a positive self concept A positive self perception or high self esteem is a desired outcome of the human development process Several factors contribute to a positive self concept o Significant others they are influential and their opinions are meaningful o Parents quality of family relationships during adolescence is associated with their levels of self esteem o Socioeconomic status low SES students have a lower self esteem and the effects of SES appear to be stronger with increasing age African American Children have lower self esteems than Caucasians African American children s self esteem is enhanced if they have a positive ethnic identity Stress and self esteem are negatively correlated in teens Globally girls self esteem is somewhat lower than boys Female adolescents have higher behavioral conduct and moral ethical self esteem while boys had higher levels of personal self esteem Erikson s view on identity development one s life story o How does identity develop one of making choices by exploring alternatives and committing to roles CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide o What contributes to a strong identity when you have a self acceptance and a stable self definition and a commitment to a vocation religion and political ideology o Marcia s identity statuses Diffused teens who haven t experienced a crisis and explored meaningful alternatives or made commitments Foreclosure establishing an identity without search and exploration moratorium involved in crisis who continue to search for identity and have not made commitments achieved have undergone a crisis in their search for an identity and have made commitments Identity as a process identity is not stable but is instead an ongoing process of self reflection and change as one moves through life identity control system Three styles of identity searching o informational style seek out diagnostic information and modify their plans and behaviors o Normative style resistant to change and block out discrepant information o Avoidant style put off making decisions and evade feedback identity control system construct that describes process of developing an identity identity standards one s beliefs about how one should believe Comparator component of the identity control system that compares one s self concept with one s identity standards Four patterns of acculturation separation assimilation integration marginality o blended biculturalism alternating biculturalism fusion biological sex is genetically and hormonally determined and refers to a person s anatomical attributes while gender entails all of the cultural associations and expectations that o along with one s biological sex Gender identity women o Gender roles the behaviors that are supposedly characteristic of men and o gender schema theory revised cognitive developmental approach to gender that emphasizes the effects of labeling attention and interest in developing gender beliefs o social learning theory is the view that people learn by observing others o androgyny gender role transcendence sex types male or female in one o Being androgynous has more benefits for females than males because masculine traits are valued more highly than feminine traits o gender intensification hypothesis the proposal that adolescents feel more pressure than children to behave in gender stereotypical ways Chapter 6 Mini Lecture Identity Development Erikson s Seven Issues of Identity each stage involves a conflict that must be resolved in a positive manner CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide o During adolescence individuals are working on identity vs role confusion o Identity Development is centered on 7 specific aspects of self 1 Temporal perspective vs time confusion Individuals must gain an accurate since of time They must understand how this relates to their own social clock meaning how long will it take them to achieve their goals when should they marry or when should they have children This also includes integrating your past self with your future self so that you have a sense of continuity 2 Self certainty vs self consciousness feeling positive about oneself 3 3 Role experimentation vs role fixation experiment with different roles rather than becoming fixated on a certain path 4 Apprenticeship vs work paralysis vocational identity is important specific they should explore different career paths and be confident in their goals 5 Sexual polarization vs bisexual thought that females and males should have ascribed roles vs bisexual confusion focused on feminine masculine pole many disagreed with him but thought that gender roles were important 6 Leadership and followership vs authority confusion who to follow and when 7 to follow them Ideological commitment vs confusion of values Major part is developing your morals values and commitments Marcia 1966 Identity Status 4 identities status based on levels of exploration and commitment 1 Identity Diffusion have not experienced a crisis period nor have they made any
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