The Judean Way Timeline of ancient history Abraham and Moses are not on this map because those are not considered historical events that occurred Instead they are legendary 1200 BC Israel has the 12 Tribes 900s BC Monarchy Saul David Solomon united tribes together Solomon builds rst Temple Ancient peoples had a patron deity the most powerful god of all gods Israel s patron deity Yahweh no vowels in Hebrew Capital of Israel in Judea a tribe Jerusalem 722 BC Solomon dies 10 northern tribes secede from nation because of high taxes and tithes North becomes Israel South becomes Judah the dominant and persistent nation History written by Judah s perspective bias Before the ethic group and religion Judaism was a location It s a Place Way During the ghting between tribes Assyrians come take over and exiles the 10 lost tribes Only Judah remains 600s BC Kings try to unite country under one God and one Temple Steps toward monotheism Respect the patient deity who only manifests himself once at a time Belief that there is only one and only God If he s the best then he should be everyone s God 586 BC Babylon conquers Judah and destroys Temple Babylonian Exile begins It is an intense theological re ection because so much was lost Crisis when invaders sets God s house on re Questions arise did god abandon us Is God less powerful than Babylon s God Lost the homeland City of God People gone will the nation die out Prompted exiled people to write down traditions People were promised that the son of David would rule Jesus But descendants actually died Ezekiel prophet First chapter discusses God on wheels God left with them to stay with his People Solution to exile crisis God sent them away to be punished but went with them Religion becomes a Diaspora People in Babylon Judah and Egypt Brought in by the Persians during the Exile Brought the idea of Dualism good vs Evil Monotheism Eschatology one day the world will come to an end Zoroastrianism a minority religion but not wiped out Still here today 538 BC Persians send home exiles and allow freedom on people so they don t revolt Temples were places used to bring items as taxes Persians get Ezra to write the Torah oral laws or Law of Moses Includes rst 5 books of bible Pentateuch Greek term Acts as an instrument to keep Jews under control with their own laws 330s BC Hellenization Period Alexander the Great conquers Greeks hellenize people by telling conquered people to believe their gods speak their language use the gymnasium socialize Discussed in 1 Maccabees 1 Problems monotheistic and circumcised Young generation want to evolve with Greeks and want to hide circumcision can be seen naked 168 BC Antiochus IV named Epiphanies means Gods plan made manifest Takes goods from temples and begins forced hellenization on Jews Stops sacri ces to God burns copies of the Torah no more circumcision Zeus state is placed in temple sacri ces pigs dirty animal Torah law mobilizes people revolt and win It s an instrument to help and empire and destroy an empire Maccabean Revolt recapture the Temple and rededicate it Remembered with the holiday of Hanukkah 64 BC Pompey Romans conquer rule with brutality Jews divide into sects based on how they live as Judeans people of god and based on how they best respond to Rome Sadducees priestly class run the Temple meaning that that work the the taxes sent to Rome A Obey the Temple a temple centered piety Only way to respond to Rome is by obeying A practical people that know the power of the Romans B Pharisees teachers experts at the law A follow the law not only at temple but in everyday life 1 1 B Obey God Under brutality because did not follow God s will So if you obey god you should be ok with Romans 2 3 Write the Dead Sea scrolls Obey by leaving Essenes ascetic live in the dessert Qumran A B Zealots live as radicals militants A Respond to Rome by killing it Sacarri the assassins B 70 AD 1st Jewish revolt not Maccabean Zealots against Rome Temple destroyed again Never rebuilt Only wall left is the Wailing western wall Shifts religion to become more textual can t rely on temple Shift to synagogues and locals assemblies Jews expelled from Jerusalem Used as a catalyst to create the Importance of text 135 2nd Jewish revolt Texts becomes an established canon Torah law Nev im prophets Kethuui im wisdom writings Acronym of all 3 called Tanak complete Hebrew bible p 101 Ex What is considered work on sabbath Midrash interpretive scripture Written by rabbis teachers Record the whole debate with the answer to show how they arrived at the answer Apply Torah to everyday life Pharisitic Judaism is rabbinic Judaism Talmud Mishnah Gemarah Mishnah claims oral tradition dates back to Moses Considered part of Torah Gemarah commentary on Mishnah 2 types Babylonian and Palestinian versions 1 2 Analogous to temple Pray towards Jerusalem Contain menorahs symbolizes Judaism Synagogues Medieval Judaism Christians and Muslims have come to power Jews fare better under Muslim power where Jewish philosophy thrives Especially under Saladin Egyptian sultan Maimonides greatest Jewish philosopher around 1200 AD Tries to answer Reason and revelation Judaism in the modern Era after enlightenment During post Enlightenment Europe secularization grows Separation of church and state The idea of a nationalism grows note for future result from Reformation Jews try to follow nationalistic idea to be part of a country not a religion Moses Mendelssohn German Jew that argued for a rational religion science and empirical knowledge reason and revelation do not cancel out Reform Judaism want to be a good citizen then good Jew Cultural accommodation A way to integrate beliefs with where you live In medieval times it was either catholic or Jew Use local language not Hebrew Synagogue like church More personal leeway more open to interpret the law P 124 has doctrinal quote No literal understanding of text spiritual choice similar to Protestantism Orthodox Judaism Hasidim most conservative Comes from HESED meaning steadfast Services in Hebrew strict observance of Sabbath kosher NYC biggest place to shop for their jewelry and clothes A messianic movement expect the return of the messiah thought their Hasidic leader who died was messiah Conservative A middle way between orthodox and reform Who decides on how lenient their practices are Practices and holy days Sabbath on 7th day Saturday Genesis 1 was written after the practice was formed It seems that someone wrote it to form
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