General terms Tradition Christian Jewish Muslim Baptists o believed that people should choose their religion and that this choice ought to be private and beyond any interference of the state adults o ritual of Baptism by total immersion o issue do slavery split Northern and Southern Baptist Calvinism o founded by John Calvin o 2 implications Eucharist humans are dependent on divine grace and are sinful and powerless to achieve salvation God is omnipotent predestines every person to damnation or salvation o re enactment of Jesus sacrifice of himself at the Passover meal o bread and wine symbolizing his body and blood o Holy Communion Excommunication o Formal expulsion from the Church mostly Roman Catholic Church for doctrinal error or moral misconduct Synoptic Gospels o The gospels of Matthew Mark and Luke are referred to as the Synoptic Gospels because they include many of the same stories often in a similar sequence and in similar wording sacrament o a ritual action seen as signifying divine grace o Most widely accepted sacraments baptism Eucharist transubstantiation o The Catholic doctrine that at the moment of consecration in the Eucharist service the bread and wine are miraculously transformd into the body and blood of Christ trinity o The concept of God having three persons or manifestations father son and as Holy Spirit o doctrine emerged in the late third century and was adopted after vigorous debate in the fourth indulgences o a release from time in purgatory the Catholic church was making people pay o the selling of indulgences was one of the abuses that lead the Protestant Reformation original sin o sinfulness or tendency towards sin supposedly innate in human beings as a consequence of Adam s fall o forbidden fruit Monophysites Greek Orthodox o 5th century advocated of the view that Christ s nature was fully divine immaculate conception o doctrine that the Virgin Mary was without sin from the movement she herself was conceived o defined as Roman Dogma in 1854 o didn t accept Rome s claim of Supremacy o this form of Christianity was carried out from the Byzantine to Eastern Europe o Greek Language o they have no Bishopric head o Icons Virgin Mary and divine liturgy are their focus Relics o Second Council of Nicaea declared it mandatory for every church sanctuary to contain a relic o part of the body or personal paraphernalia of a venerated individual church o building where Christians gather and worship o witness o were persecuted and died for their faith in the Messiah before Constantine s rule purgatory o catholic doctrine o realm which the soul proceeds after death for some unspecified period in preparation for entering heaven o developed in the medieval period martyrs Gnosticism o ancient movement that believed the material world to be the evil resulf of a fall from pure spiritual existence o viewed Jesus as the bearer of a secret saving knowledge through which the faithful would be redeemed from this material realm Mass o The roman Catholic Eucharist ceremony in which bread and wine are eaten as the body and blood of Christ celebrated in Latin until 1965 and in local languages since then Christian Mysticism o mysticism means something unclear uncertain or mysterious o Here its defined as the knowledge of God from personal experience o Certainty of God is based on a moment of vivid intense awareness this is characterized as a sense of union ecstasy Pentecostal Churches o Founded in Los Angeles o Modern protestant groups that emphasize speaking in tongues as a mark of the Holy Spirit s presence and of the individuals holiness or spiritual perfection Protestant Reformation o Pressure built up to change the Latin Church with the Renaissance period underway o Martin Luther was a monk who listed 95 propositions criticizing the Church o He created Protestantism Catholic counter reformation o The Church recognized the need to correct the abuses that Luther had condemned and in the Council of Trent the Counter Reformation began o fifth century advocated of the view that the incarnate Christ was two separate persons one divine and one human Scholasticism o a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics of medical universities in Europe o program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context It originated as an outgrowth of and a departure from Nestorianism Nestorians Christian monastic schools at the earliest European universities 7 Day Adventists o believe that the true Sabbath is the seventh day Saturday rather than Sunday o sent medical missionaries around the world in 1880 s to question biblical interpretations after misinterpredating the second coming of Christ and the apocalypse iconoclast controversy o an icon greek word image brought disputes o iconoclasts were against the inconodules o this brought the second council of Nicene to decide that icons were permissible as long as the faithful did not worship Council of Nicea o Constantine called the bishop to discuss the true nature of the Son and God o the efforts were made to unite all of Christendom Greek and Roman o The Nicene Creed was created in this council incarnation o the embodiment of the divine in human form o example Jesus Christ predestination o notion based on faith in God as all powerful and all knowing o God anticipated or controls human actions and foreordains every individual to either salvation or damnation o Dispersal swing of seed o Jewish world outside the land of ancient Israel o began with Babylonian Exile from which no Diaspora Jews returned Documentary hypothesis o the theory that the Pentateuch was not written by Moses but was compiled from multiple sources over a long period of time kippah yarmulke o Dome or Cap o hebrew word for skullcap kosher kashrut o term for food that s ritually acceptable o indicated that all rabbinic regulations regarding animal slaughter have been observed during preparations minyan o Pious ones the mystically inclined followers o Moses Mendelssohn is the father of modern o commentary on scripture temple synagogue o Place where sacrificed used to be performed o Greek word assembly or gathering local place of congregational worship prayer o became central to Judaism after the destruction of the temple Hasidism of the Baal Shem Tov in eighteenth century Poland and their decendents teffillin o a small black leather box also termed o contains words of scripture o tied to forehead and forearm
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