FSU Online World Religions Final Exam Study Guide Terms Know what each term means the religion s it is associated with and the general context in which it is relevant to the religion s o Original Book o The definitive statement of Sikhism s unique spiritual stance o Primary scripture of the Sikh s o Not only to be read studied but to be practiced and lived o First compiled by Guru Arjan in 1604 o Path to liberation without limitation o Literal translation is non dual o Shankara s school of philosophy which holds that there is only one ultimate reality the indescribable Brahman with which the Atman or self is identical Considered the most authoritative of all texts Parts of the Vedas were used in both domestic and temple 1 Adi Granth Meaning Associated With o Sikh tradition Relevance 2 Advaita Vedanta Meaning o Vedas rituals Associated With o Hinduism Relevance o School of philosophy within Hinduism 3 Agnostic Meaning o A God may exist but he is unknowable Associated With o Hindu philosophy o Greek philosophy Relevance o Describes spiritual knowledge o Cause no harm through speech action or thought even to one sensed beings invisible air bodied beings water fire earth as well as plants insects animals and fellow human beings 4 Ahimsa Meaning Associated With o Jaina tradition o Hinduism o Buddhism Relevance o One of the five great vows Ahimsa encompasses all other vows o Forbids all involvement with the world and ensures that no action is undertaken spontaneously o Purification of one s spirit and body through the various concoctions 5 Alchemical Daoism Meaning Associated With o Daosism practice Relevance o Used in the quest for immortality 6 Amaterasu Meaning purification Associated With o Shintu religion o Japanese Mythology Relevance 7 Amitabha Buddha Meaning o A Buddha of a previous age Associated With o Buddhist tradition Relevance o Female deity of the sun o Born from the eye of the primordial deity Izanagi following his o Enshrined at Ise as the patron deity of the Imperial family o All emperors are said to be her descendants o Amitabha took 48 bodhisattva vows detailing his intention to strive for enlightenment and help others in specific ways o Most notable vow was the promise to establish a heavenly region the Pure Land or Western Paradise into which all beings who so desired could be reborn ideal of Buddhist heaven 8 Anatman Meaning o no soul Associated With o Buddhism Relevance 9 Arjat Meaning Associated With o Buddhism Relevance o The doctrine that the human person is impermanent a changing combination of components o worthy ones saints o Someone who has realized the ideal of spiritual perfection o Each era is believed to have only one fully enlightened teaching Buddha but there are numerous other beings in every age who are thought to have achieved some degree of enlightenment 10 Arjuna Meaning o Heroic royal leader o An archer and son of Pandu Associated With o Hinduism o International Society for Krishna Consciousness ISKCON Relevance o Loses the will to fight during a battle against his own kin and is met by Krishna o Goes against Dharma Family vs Social Fabric 11 Aryan Meaning o the chosen ones o An Indo European people usually thought to have migrated there sometime between 1750 and 1500 BCE Associated With o Hinduism Relevance o According to the ancient Hindu text called the Reg Veda the Sarasvati river had five Aryan tribes living on its banks o Introduced the use of incense which affected the Hindu religion o Held up Upanishadic and Vedantic thinkers to be identical with Brahman the world soul 12 Atman Meaning o Human soul o the individual self Associated With o Hindu tradition Relevance 13 Aum Shinrikyo Meaning o New Religious Movement NRM o Syncretistic cult Associated With o Japanese o Combined elements of Buddhism Hinduism Christianity Relevance o Responsible for the sarin gas attacks on the Tokyo subway system that killed 13 and injured more than a thousand people n 1995 This was a prime example of the power a charismatic holy man with an apocalyptic message can exert over disaffected young people 14 Avalokiteshvara Meaning Associated With o Buddhism Relevance o Bodhisattva of compassion 15 Bhagavad Gita Meaning o The Song of Bhagavan o The Dalai Lama is a manifestation of Avalokiteshvara o Compares the rebirth of the soil to its continuity through changes of our bodies in this life o Most important work of Indian sacred literature o Extract of the Mahabharata 100 000 verses longest poem in the Associated With o Hinduism Relevance world 16 Bhakti Meaning o Spiritual discipline of devotion to a deity or guru Associated With o Hinduism o International Society for Krishna Consciousness ISKCON Relevance o Leads to salvation or nirvana o A being who is on the way to enlightenment or Buddhahood but has 17 Bodhisattva Meaning not yet achieved it Associated With o Buddhism Relevance 18 Bodhisattva Vow Meaning Associated With o Buddhism Relevance 19 Brahma Meaning Associated With o Buddhism Relevance o Each bodhisattva resides over a heavenly region o Understood as a special case o The solemnly promise to work towards Buddhahood o Bodhisattva s were encouraged to take the bodhisattva vows declaring their intention to become buddhas someday while actively working to help liberate all beings o A minor deity Do not confuse with Brahman o Creator of God o Brahma is said to have created the universe o Supreme Being o pervades and yet transcends not only human thought but the universe o Divine Ground of all matter energy time space being and everything beyond in this Universe o Controller of the human soul atman 20 Brahman Meaning itself Associated With o Hinduism o Buddhism Relevance 21 Brahmin Meaning o Priests and teachers Associated With o Hinduism Relevance o Teach Dharma 22 Buddha Meaning o Awakened one Associated With o Buddhism Relevance o The Buddha is not worshipped as a god he is venerated as a fully enlightened human being o He set the wheel of dharma teaching in motion established a community sangha of disciples and charged his followers to carry the dharma to all regions of the world 23 Buddhism Meaning o Held that life is full of suffering caused by desire The way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths to which one is otherwise subject Associated With o Buddhism Go figure Relevance o Chapter 8 of the World Religions book is all about Buddhism 24 Cinnabar Meaning o Mercuric
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