Intro to World Religions-Final Study GuideTERMS 77/811. Adi Garth- In Sikhism it is the definite statement of a unique spiritual stance; primary scripture with 3 major sections; every copy is identical2. Advaita Vedanta- Hinduism belief that teaches a non-dualistic reality where only Brahman is real 3. Agnostic- any ultimate reality (god) is unknown and will always be unknowable4. Ahimsa-In Jainism it is the first of the five vows with forbids al involvement with the world and preaches the no-harm principle including animals, because of belief all things are connected5. Alchemical Daoism- Chinese understanding of the medicine of the body; tried to purify body and soul to reach immortality6. Amaterasu- In Japanese mythology is the primary deity associated with the imperial family, later evolves to the sun goddess in Shintoism7. Amitabha Buddha- promised to establish the Pure Land after his death, known as “infinite light Buddha8. Anatman- principle of “no-self”; we have no permanence or eternal soul9. Arhat- “worthy ones”/”saints” in Buddhism, ones who have attained Nirvana10. Arjuna- Warrior who comes to symbolize the human souls quest for salvation in the story in Bhagavad Gita11. Aryan- Literally meaning “noble ones” it is the group which migrated from central Asia to the region which today is Iran12. Atman- human soul13. Aum Shinrikyo- New religious movement in Japan responsible for an attack in a subway in Tokyo killing 13; example of charismatic “holy man” with apocalyptic message leading youth14. Avalokiteshvara – Each Dali Lama is said to be a manifestation of this Boddhisatvah 15. Bhagavad Gita- an excerpt of the longest poem ever written (Mahabharata) One of the holiest books it teaches loving devotion to Krishna and selfless action16. Bhakti- Major shift in Hindu culture; promoted active involvement in the worship of the divine17. Bodhisattva- an enlightened being who attains Buddhahood for the good of all sentient beings18. Bodhisattva Vow- Vow to culminate certain virtues, perfection is called paramita19. Brahma- creator god, minor deity; not to be confused with BRAHMAN20. Brahman- The Supreme Being; pervades and transcends not only humans, but the universe itself; cannot be described21. Brahmin- The highest part of the Hindu caste system (priests)22. Buddha- Sage who founded Buddhism “awakened one” came from warrior caste; originally Gautama23. Buddhism- indigenous to India; goal to end suffering and ignorance and reach Nirvana24. Cinnabar- In Daoism it is ingested to attain immortality; it is poisonous25. Dao- Chinese concept meaning “the way”26. Dao De Jing- Chinese classic texts fundamental to Daoism27. De- Confucian virtue; good and wise must rule over small minded and morally inferior28. Devi- The greatest goddess of Hinduism appearing in many forms such as Parvati and Kali29. Diaspora- the dispersion of any group from their homeland (ei. Jewish diaspora from Israel)30. Digambaras- one of the two main sects of Jainism called the “naked/sky clad”; monks do not wear clothes and women are forbidden31. Durga- “Supreme Goddess” of Hinduism 10-1000 arms, weapons, rides a lion32. E-meter- used in Scientology to measure the “static field” surrounding the body and say if a person has been relieved of spiritual impediment and past experiences33. Filial Piety- Respect for ones parents and respect/ worship of ancestors34. Granesh- most widely worshipped deity in Hinduism by all sects; has elephant head and removes obstacles; also worshipped by Jains and Buddhists35. Guan Yin- Bodhisattva usually female; known for compassion and seeing/hearing all people sufferings (Buddhist)36. Hanuman- Hindu deity; devotee of Rama and central character in Indian epic Ramayana37. He-38. Hinayana- Buddhist term meaning “inferior vehicle”, school of Buddhism contrasted with Mahayana “great vehicle”39. I Ching- Classic of Changes; oldest of Chinese classic texts containing a divination system similar to western geomancy40. Water Babies- Mizuko; Japanese new tradition for mothers who undergo the loss of an unborn child or abortion to help with grief. Women place small Jizo figure in temple to represent child41. Jiva/Ajiva- Jiva is your soul, which is an eternal substance with consciousness and Ajiva is non-soul42. Jnana- term in Hinduism meaning “knowledge”43. Kali- A manifestation of Devi this is a fierce, wild goddess who is dark and disheveled and wears skulls, but us still called mother by her devotees44. Kannon- Japanese version of Avalokiteshvara, intervenes the most and is worried about humans problems and suffering45. Karma- cause and effect idea that causes us to go through the cycle of Samsara46. Krishna- In Hinduism he is the 8th incarnation of the supreme Vedic god Vishnu and describes the “single way” as the way to be liberated from a cycle of life and death47. Lakshmi- Mother of all creation; goddess of good fortune, love, and salvation. (Hinduism and Jaina)48. Lami-49. Li- The Confucian principle of rites and rituals of religion, as well as, everyday courtesy50. LWA/LOA- Spirits of Haitian voodoo; mediators between humans and God; not deities51. Mahayana- “Great Vehicle” of Buddhism, it is the largest school and promotes the Bodhisattva path52. Mandalas- in Hinduism they are the geometric drawings representing gods/goddesses and cosmos; drawn on floor and used for meditation and ritual. In Buddhism they are the sacred geometrical design used to classify the families of Buddha’s and Bodhisattva’s53. Mandate of Heaven- Chinese philosophy that teaches that legitimacy of ruler can only be determined through his conduct54. Moshka- the state of complete detachment from the world; cannot communicate with those still in Samsara55. Monastic Daoism-56. Pavarti- Hinduism she is the wife of Shiva who is generally benevolent but has some wrathful incarnations57. Puja- Hindu rituals preformed at home to worship deities58. Pure Land Buddhism- Branch of Mahayana centered around veneration of Amitabha. Lies towards the west and can be reached if we think of Amhitabha while dying59. Ren- Confucian belief meaning “humaneness” or “benevolence” to capture virues such as respect, liberty, trustworthiness, kindness…best way to attain this is by practicing Li60. Ritual Daoism-61. Sallekhana- in Jainism this is the ritual death achieved at the end of a long fast62. Samsara- continuing cycle of life and rebirth affected by
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