REL 1300 Final Exam Study Guide Abbasid Dynasty 750 1258CE Moved capital to Baghdad Iraq Islamic renaissance Preservation of Greek Literature and Philosophy Islamic Spain became cultural center of Europe Jews in Spain enjoyed cultural renaissance under Muslim Rule Ashura tenth day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax of the Remembrance of Muharram Bishops a senior member of the Christian clergy typically in charge of a district and empowered to deliberate holy orders Canon bible book or scripture Some sort of authoritative texts Christian Mysticism provided unique space for women in medieval Christianity Many women had visions or knowledge of God from personal experience Council of Trent vowed to end abuses and excess The church reiterated positions that the Protestant Reformation had rejected Understanding of Mass as a sacrifice Authority and understanding of institutional tradition along scripture Priests as intermediaries Dhimmis Jews and Christians living under early Muslim rule Later included other non Muslims Documentary Hypothesis AKAWellhausen hypothesis proposes that the Torah was derived from originally independent parallel and complete narratives which were combined into the current form by a series of redactors Yahwistic source oldest Elohist source somber style Deuteronomic source Priestly source ritual purity post exile Eucharist Christian ceremony celebrating the Last Supper Eating bread and wine Four Source Hypothesis Q reconstructed source Matthew Luke Mark Q Hasidism Master of the Good Name Religion among the common on love peace prayer joy humility The Pious Ones Opposition from Rabbinic Judaism Imam Worship leader of a Mosque and community used by Sunni Muslims Isnad a chain of human reporters from the time of Muhammad that authenticates the legitimacy of the hadith Jihad the spiritual struggle within ones self and community against sin Logos word discourse reasoning The name or title of Jesus Christ Kippah yarmulke headwear worn during Jewish prayer by men Monasticism one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work Muslim Islam Muslim follower of Islamic traditions vs Islam or submission Orthodox Judaism Preservation of the Jewish tradition Way of the Torah vs Way of the Land Some opposed establishment of modern state of Israel Pentecostal Christianity a renewal movement within Protestant Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism with the Holy Spirit Pentecost meaning Jewish Feast of Weeks Predestination the divine foreordaining of all that will happen Ramadan a fast that honors the month of Ramadan Sabbath the day of observance evening to evening Saints a person acknowledged as holy typically said by being in heaven after death They mediate between the god and the people Sevener Shi ism belief that the seventh was the last imam direct line of abi talib Ibn Isma would take over Shi ism Shi a Muslims believed Muhammad s successor was his son in law al talib Synagogue Jewish place of worship Trinity the father son and Holy Spirit Ummah meaning people group nation or community Zionism Modern movement to return to Israel Revived Hebrew Language Theodore Herzl had secular and nationalistic goals Orthodox god gave us land vs Zionism we need to reclaim safe place Establishment of State of Israel 7th day Adventist sees Saturday as the 7th day of the week thus it is Sabbath Imminent second coming of Jesus Christ Baptism Use the scriptures as rule of faith No overarching hierarchy Baptism of adults mature believers rather than infants Believe in full immersion Christ Messiah The chosen one Caliphate successor to the prophet Muhammad Christian Scientists A set of beliefs and practices belonging to the metaphysical family of new religious movements Developed in 19th century New England by Mary Baker Eddy who argued in her book that sickness is an illusion that can be corrected by prayer alone Covenant a contract between god and his people Abrahamic Covenant Calling of Abraham Sign of this covenant is circumcision Decalogue 10 commandments Moses and Hebrews Sinai Covenant Davidic Covenant Ruling in his stay from his line Diaspora Jews that live outside of Israel Eastern Greek Orthodox God is one person both divine and human in nature Excommunication Banishment by the Church when someone breaks an important church rule Glossolalia Speaking in an unknown language in worship used by the Pentecostal Christians Holocaust mass murder and genocide Immaculate conception Jehovah s Witness The doctrine that God preserved the Virgin Mary from the taint of original sin from the moment she was conceived Dogma of Roman Catholic Church Christian movement the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society founded in the US by Charles Taze Russell 1852 1916 Deny many traditional Christian doctrines including the divinity of Christ Refuse military service and blood transfusion on religious grounds Kaabah big black box Muslim shrine or sacred mosque Lutheranism Martyrs martyrdom witness Authority of scripture and guidance of Holy Spirit Rejected transubstantiation Churches services in vernacular language Permitted clergy to marry Persecution continued until Constantine Martyrdom is the death or suffering of a Martyr Monophysites God is one person with a divine nature only Nestorianism Nestorians God is two separate persons 1 divine and 1 human Ottoman Empire 1281 1924 1453 conquest of Constantinople Istanbul 1920 s end of Caliphate Ataturk secularization and westernization of Turkey Pharisees a self righteous person member of ancient Jewish sect traditional and written law Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther Issues with the Roman Catholic Church Different understandings of sin and redemption Rejects clerical celibacy Use of vernacular language Indulgences and Purgatory Luther translated bible into German Reformed Judaism Moses Mendelssohn Pittsburgh Platform Adapt to times and culture through rational procedure Classified as radical left wingers passion or present Judaism Reason Reveled Law Sacraments Religious Ceremony Baptism Confirmation or Chrismation Eucharist Penance Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders and Matrimony Scholasticism the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma Shahadah There is no god but Allah Muhammad is the
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