Ch1 Terms 1Monotheism the doctrine that there is only one god 2polytheism belief in more than one god 3Missionary Religions a religion that actively seeks converts Judaism Christianity and Islam 4Non Missionary Religions 5Pluralism in the context of religion the principle that all religions are equally valuable should be treated with equal respect and should have an equal opportunity to play a role in public decision making 6Secularism the principle that no religious group or institutions should receive public support or play any role in public decision making 7 Cult A system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object A relatively small group of people having religious beliefs or practices regarded by others as strange or sinister 8Dualism A conception of the universe that postulates two ultimate principles set in opposition to one another and more or less evenly matched these principles are usually though not always personified as a good god and an evil devil Discussion 1Pluralism vs Secularism 2Anthropology s study of Religion Ch2 Terms 1Iroquois Hiawatha A confederacy of five eventually six Iroquoian speaking nations formed sometime before the arrival of Europeans that dominated the Eastern Woodlands area of North America from Quebec and New York to the Northern Great Lakes 2Handsome Lake religion of the Iroquois 3Wakan Tanka The Lakota conceived of a universe permeated by a life enhancing power called wakan Their supreme being was named Wakan Tanka 4Earth Diver Myths Myth that suggests that in the beginning all was water and without form then an animal or a god dives under the water and returns with earth to build land Iroqoius say that first two animals that attempted this were duck and fish they both failed Then a muskrat succeeded 5Axis Mundi Zuni and Hopi believed this the central point where the spiritual realms of the heavens and the underworld intersected with the earth coined by Mircea Eliade 6Sun Dance One of the most important rituals of the peoples of the Great Plains and northern Rockies 7Ghost Dance Battle of Wounded Knee In 1889 a group of Lakota started the Ghost dance A young indian agent freaked and called the Calvary in They attacked and killed between 150 and 300 people 8Vision Quest important Lakota ritual following purification in sweat lodge a young man goes on a hill and awaits a vision that will shape the rest of his life 9Keepers of the Game deities that watched over hunters they verified the hunters treated the killed animals with respect 10Tricksters chaos loving deities these are forces not of evil but of disorder Discussion 1Problems with understanding indigenous religions as oral primitive Ch3 Terms 1Covenant The Mosaic covenant beginning in Exodus 19 24 contains the foundations of the written Torah and the Oral Torah In this covenant God promises to make the Israelites his treasured possession among all people Exo19 5 and a kingdom of priests and a holy nation Exo19 6 if they follow God s commandments As part of the terms of this covenant God gives Moses the Ten Commandments 2Exodus the migration of the hebrews from Egypt under the leadership of Moses later understood to mark the birth of the Isrealite nation 3Exile The deportation of Jewish leaders from Jerusalem to Mesopotamia by the conquering Babylonians in 586 BC disrupting local Isrealite ploitical ritual and agricultural institutions it marked the transition from Israelite religion to Judaism 4Diaspora Dispersal the Jewish world outside the land of ancient Israel it began with the Babylonian Exile from which not all Jews returned 5Messiah Mashiah the term messiah comes from hebrew term mashiah anointed one pouring oil over the head was a standard rital signifying divine sanction usually of a new king 6Tanakh an acronym referring to the entire Hebrew Bible Torah or law Neviim or prophets and Ketuvim or sacred writings 7Pentateuch The first five books of the Hebrew Bible traditionally ascribed to Moses but now regarded as the product of several centuries of later literacy activity 8Documentary Hypothesis The theory 1894 that the Pentateuch was not written by Moses but was compiled from multiple sources over a long period of time 9The Maccabean Revolt seleucids had control of greek dynasty they transformed Jerusalems temple into a cult place of Zeus a revolt by a group of fighters called the maccabees this revealed a dispute within the Jewish community those who want to be traditional or those who want to assimilate 10Temple 11Rosh Hashanah The new year festival usually celebrated in september 12Yom Kippur the day of atonement ten days after Rosh Hashannah the day for the most solemn reflection and self examination 13Passover the major spring festival of agricultural rebirth and renewal given a historical dimension of association with the hasty departure of the Israelites from Egypt under Moses leadership 14Hanukkah dates from mid second century BCE when the Maccabean Jews drove their Seleucid oppressors out of Jerusalem It celebrates the purification and re dedication hanukkah of the temple after its profanation by the seleucids 15Sabbath The seventh day of the week observed since ancient times as a day of rest from ordinary activity 16Elie Wiesel guy who wrote books about being in holocaust 17Bar Mitzvah son of the commandments the title given to a thirteen year old boy when he is initiated into adult ritual responsibilities some branches of Judaism also celebrates a Bat Mitzvah for girls 18Midrash Commentary on scripture 19Kosher Term for food that is ritually acceptable indicating that all rabbinic regulations regarding animal slaughter etc have been observed in its preperation 20Kabbalah the medieval jewish tradition its central text is a commentary on scripture called Zohar 21Hellenistic Jewish Sects 22Pharisees represented the middle class interpreted scripture more broadly than the sadducees did also strict about rules of tithing and purity seen as hypocrites 23Sadducees represented the aristocracy that embrace Hellenization insisted about a narrow literal interpretation of the law 24Essenes Widely believed to have been authors of dead sea scrolls rigorously observant priests under the leadership of a man they called the teacher of righteousness Ch4 Terms 1Eucharist the ritual reenactments of Jesus sacrifice of himself patterned after his sharing of bread and wine as his body and blood at the final passover meal with his disciples Orthodox
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