Jehovah afterlife-They think heaven is only the ultimate reward if you are extra good– after you die you are nonexistence for a while and then you are judged. The REALLY good JW people go to heaven (The VIP club); it only has 144,000 spots. Most people end up on perfected earth.Final Review GuideREL1300 – Final Review Guide – Mike GrazianoAhura Mazda- highest deity of zorastionism (good god)Ahriman- evil deity of ZorastionismDualism- 2 opposing forces – for Zorastionism it is Ahura and AhrimanRole of Aryans- they had a migratory lifestyle, a lot of ideas and beliefs that are common with ZorastionismThe Avesta- the holy text of zorastionism, it is also a great source of their history. It is relatively new because it was written much later than Zoroaster so it is not accuratePersia- Free the Jewish from Babylon (Cyrus did it). The Old Testament is being written under the Persians, which shaped the way it was written (a lot of Cyrus praise)Yahweh- the Jewish deityCovenant with Yahweh- they are the chosen people by Yahweh. Yahweh agreed to protect them as long as they worshiped him as their one true god. The “TaNaK”- the Hebrew bible (the Old Testament); means law, prophets, and writings• Canon- there was dispute as to what should and should not be ‘canon’ or legitimized. It was important because it had real world consequences (paying taxes)• Translation- the Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Hebrew bible by 70 people and it was all the same; the Leningrad Codex was the oldest copy of the ToNaK• Source Criticism- when you look at the TaNaK as a historical text; people in history named books of bible after people they liked so its not accurateEnoch- canonical is some churches and inspired in others. It breaks off from Genesis. The story: god sent angels down and they mated with humans making hybrids. These things were killing people so god flooded the earth. It does not explain this in Genesis it just mentions it briefly but Enoch explains it. Enoch explains the flood differently. Yahweh messed up. Early Jewish scholars most likely took it out of the bible because they didn’t want god to look like he messed up. Septuagint- a Greek translation of the Jewish Bible; 70 people translated it and they all came up with the same thing. It is important because it is in Greek. When Jesus quotes stuff from the bible it was from the Septuagint.Final Review GuideDead Sea Scrolls- was discovered by kids and their mom used them as a fire starter. The scrolls were the earliest copies of the biblical books that were still in the process of being edited. It was amazing because it provided sources of how the Hebrew bible was written. Babylonian Captivity- they take a lot of Jewish people as prisoners and Jerusalem (including the first temple that they if the only place they can make sacrifices at) is destroyed.First and Second Temple- The first temple was destroyed and they believed that god literally lived in there. Since there is not longer a king in the temple, they began writing stuff down. The second temple is also destroyed which is where Hanukkah stems from because they only had enough oil for the light for 1 night but it lasted 8.Monolatry- recognition of many gods, but worship of only oneRoman Empire- they play a big role with second temple Judaism and Jesus because they are the group that is in power at the timeSadducees- elite temple priest, their power comes from the ability to maintain sacrifices in the temple to please Yahweh. They begin working with the Romans to keep them please but the Jewish people view them as traitors.Pharisees- They rejected Hellenization, translate Hebrew to Aramaic; they were the few that could read Hebrew, which is the source of their power. With the destruction of the temple, the Pharisees get to take over because The Sadducees have no more power/responsibility. Jesus-following Jews- they are Christians but some still followed Jewish law. This is when Christianity and Judaism began to split. Synagogue- where the Jewish prayedRabbinic Judaism- develops after the second temple is destroyedThe Sadducees are in charge in the temple become powerless when the temple is destroyed. The Pharisees then become in charge. Out of the Pharisees come the Rabbis. The Pharisees were apart of the hierarchy system but when the hierarchy crumbles (because temple is destroyed) people who were born to be ‘Pharisees’ are just Rabbi’sThe Messiah- Jesus was not the only person claiming to be the messiah. John the Baptist was also known to be worshiped as the messiah. Messiah means, “anointed one”. Some people did not believe that Jesus was the messiah because the messiah was supposed to rebuild the temple, gather the Jews back to Israel, and bring about world peace. So the Jews who followed Jesus had a hard time defending their claim.Final Review GuideCouncil of Jerusalem- 2 schools of thoughtJudaizers- conservative; they want to keep Christianity under Judaism and not a separate religion; led by the brother of Jesus, JamesHellenists- liberals; led by Paul. He does not care what religion people are and says anyone can be Christian—he wants Judaism and Christianity to be separate. To be open to outside influence. Accepting non-Jewish ideas**The have the council of Jerusalem—this is where Judaism and Christianity split. Certain parts of the law now don’t apply to Jesus following Jews (some still followed it). Gentiles (non Jews) didn’t follow most of the law. They didn’t follow circumcision or keeping kosher. Paul wins and becomes the next important leader of Christianity. Paul- He makes 2 political choices1. Hellenization- that Christians need to adopt foreign customs/influences; he means we have to reject parts of Jewish law if Christianity is going to sustain itself. 2. Focus on death of Jesus- the focus used to be on his life but Paul decides to focus on his death and what his death means (he is the ultimate blood sacrifice)*Paul is thought to have been the second founder of Christianity *He was born a Pharisee (a textual expert)*He is more liberal and travels to recruit ChristianCanonical Gospels- the historical authors are not knownQ Source- Matthew and Luke use Mark and the Q source to write their gospels; it had to be some sort of source that has quotes of Jesus. It was filled with things that Jesus said. Christianity Gnosticism- the world does not matter (it is evil); the spirit is good. They believe that
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