Religion Final ExamQuran=KoranPrimal Religions/Native American• Common features of primal religions- oral tradition, animism and shamanism• How do shamans enter trances to visit the spirit world? By using pschyadelic drugs, self torture, ritual drumming & dancing or a severe illness/near death experience• Wakan Tonka- The Sioux Indian name for “the highest God”• Quanah Parker- chief representative of the “peyote way” • Native American Church- what the peyote way is now referred as• Black Elk- Sioux Indian medicine man. His plain Indian religion has vastly spread• Most common religion of American Indians today- ChristianityHinduism: • Samsara- Wheel of birth and death• Bhakti- way of loving devotion to God• The Vedas- the oldest Hindu scriptures• Atman- the individual, conscience self or “soul” • Krishna is an incarnation of whom? Vishnu• Moksha- liberation from the wheel of birth and death• Swastika- solar symbol of good luck- means “it is well”• Shiva- the destroyer god • Kali- blood drinking goddess; bad aspect of the divine• Brahma is the creator god• Vishnu- the sustainer god• Ganesha- the Son of Shiva function is to remove obstacles• Bhagavad Gita- means “the song of God”, an epic poem that take place on an epic field, most of the song is in the form of dialogue• Mantra- sacred sound formula• Mandala- sacred diagram• Brahman- the absolute reality, Brahma is the creator• Sanskrit- language that “The Vedas” are written in• Indus River Valley- Valley in NW Indian where Hinduism was startedBuddhism:• Theravada- means “way of the elders” • Nirvana- means “liberation”• The Three Marks of Existence are- suffering, impermanence, no eternal self• The Buddhist doctrine of Interdependent Origination- “everything is everything”• Bodhisattva- means “enlightened being”, one who vows not to enter nirvana• Four Noble Truths- eightfold path is the fourth noble truth & the call of suffering is desire• Satori- that moment of awakening• Sangha- means “community”, a principle of Buddhism • Karma- means “what goes around comes around”- action causes cause & effectTaoism• Lao Tzu- the founder of Taoism• Tao Teh Ching-the book of the way and its power• Yin and yang- eternal dynamic balance between 2 complimentary principles (such as ying and yang)• A repeating motif of gentle strength in the Tao Teh Ching is flowing water. - Know that Taoism has a school that cultivates sexual energyConfucianism• Jen- means “fellow feeling” or “Empathy”• Shu- the principle of reciprocity: treat others how you want to be treated• The Analects• I-Ching is the Chinese book of oracles associated with Confucius- one of the oldest books known to man kindZoroastrianism• Ahura Mazda- one and only god, means “the wise one”- Zoroaster’s name is Zarathustra, which means “The shining one”Judaism• Torah- means “law”, referring to the first 5 books of the Old Testament• Messhiach- same meaning as the word Christos, means “the anointed one”Christianity• Meaning of Christos- same meaning as the word Messhiach- “anointed one”• Emperor Constantine of Rome- legalized Christianity Islam:• Abraham is patriarch of Judaism and Islam- Islam is the name of the religion; it is an insult to refer to religion as Muslim• Khadija- the widow that Muhammad married• Allah- Arabic name for God • Kaaba- monument in the city center that you visit during Hajj• Hajj- the pilgrimage• Shari’a- • Hadith- Reports of the doings and saying of Muhammad• Quran- the holy scripture• Ali was the Fourth of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs after Muhammad died, was the cousin, son and son in law of MuhammadMartian religion• Grok- means to eat,
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