Week 1OxtobyModern Scholarly ApproachesMcCutcheonWeek 2KesslerWeek 3 (Judaism)Week 4 (Judaism)Week 5 (Christianity)Week 6 (Christianity)Week 8 (Islam)Study Questions (That I know the answer to)Intro To Religion Study GuideTable of ContentsWeek 1.............................................................................................................................................2Oxtoby....................................................................................................................................................2Modern Scholarly Approaches.............................................................................................................2McCutcheon...........................................................................................................................................2Week 2.............................................................................................................................................3 Kessler..................................................................................................................................................3Week 3 (Judaism) ..........................................................................................................................3Week 4 (Judaism)...........................................................................................................................4Week 5 (Christianity).....................................................................................................................5Week 6 (Christianity).....................................................................................................................6Week 8 (Islam)................................................................................................................................6Study Questions (That I know the answer to).............................................................................7Week 1Oxtoby1. Monotheism – Worship of one God2. Polytheism – Worship of multiple Gods3. Dualism – The division of 2 principles against each other. Usually personifies as good (God) and Evil (Devil)4. Missionary Religions (definition and 3 main types) – Religions that draw clear boundaries between themselves and others, and then encourages others to join their beliefs. 3 Types – Christians, Muslims and Jews5. Zoroastrianism – Monotheistic religion with dualistic overtones originated from Persia. Belief is that Ahura Mazda created twin spirits, one chose to be good, the other bad 6. Ahura Mazda – Supreme creator of the Zoroastrians7. Eschatology – Part of theology concerned with death, judgment and final destinyModern Scholarly Approaches1. Philosophy of Religion – Analysis of religious language, name of religion and general framework, and the philosophical justification or rejection of various religious positions2. Sociology of Religion – Sociological method is applied to crucial issues such as how religion contributes to social integration and its social function. 3. Psychology of Religion – Involves the collection and classification of psychological data, investigation of religious responses, examinations of religious symbols and practices that help people4. Phenomenology of Religion – This approach is to identify a general pattern and define its essential elements. Also compares religions5. History of Religion – Where historians study religious behavior through a sequence of events or series of transformations that characterize the evolution of various religious traditions into their current formsMcCutcheon1. Anthropological Approach to Study of Religion – Distinguished from a confessional, religious, or theological approach, which is generally concerned with determining the nature, will, or wishes of the god/gods2. Historical Accuracy – Did certain events really happen? Example – Did Abraham actually exist, where, when?3. Descriptive Accuracy – Example – What do Muslims say they mean when they say that Muhammad was the seal of the prophets? 4. Normative Judgments – Saying things like how someone should live their life (opinion)5. Religious Instruction – Religious education, cant be forced in schoolsWeek 2 Kessler1. Moral Evil – Suffering and pain inflicted on others by human beings (9/11)2. Natural Evil – Natural disasters (Hurricanes)3. Nomos – An orderly world operating according to understandable laws. Basically people want explanations4. Theodicy – Divine Justice5. Scientific Why – Actual scientific reason for something happening (building falls because of termites)6. Existential Why – Reason for something in a supernatural view (Why would the building fall and kill innocent people, its immoral?)7. Theodicy of Participation – Deals with evils, suffering and misfortunes by relativizing such events. It reassures us that in the grand scheme of things, our little sufferings are of little significance8. Dualistic Theodicy – Explain evil head on by claiming that some sort of superhuman force is responsible for evilWeek 3 (Judaism) 1. Mount Sinai – Where Moses received the 10 commandments2. Sabbath – Saturday for Jews, day of rest for prayer and public assembly in synagogue3. Synagogue – House of worship and community meeting in the Jewish faith4. Pentateuch – 5 books of Moses, also the first 5 books of the Hebrew bible. 5. Torah – Scripture from which the bat or bar mitzvah reads in public for the first time. 6. 1280 BCE – Moses leads the Exodus from Egypt7. 922 BCE – Northern kingdom separates following King Solomon’s death. 8. 586 BCE – Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and exile its leaders to Babylon9. 1948 – Establishment of the state of Israel10. Yochanan ben Zakkai – Most important jewish figure of all time11. YHWH – “Yahweh” to Jews, used verbally instead of the lords name12. Adonai – Title similar to “Lord”, used by Jews13. Ha-Shem – Hebrew expression for “The Name” substituted for Adonai or YHWH14. Exile – Marks the transition of the Hebrew tradition from the natural cult of an ancient kingdom to the religious heritage of widely dispersed people. 15. Jews – Judeans, term used after Jewish Exile16. Septuagint – Translation of the Bible used by Jews that allowed Greeks to understand it. (Greek translation of Hebrew scripture)17. Maccabean Revolt – Seleucids came in to Jerusalem and made their temple a cult place, disregarding the Jewish
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