REL 1300 Final Exam Study Guide Traditions o Buddhism Mahayana Principal school in East Asia o Form of Buddhism that that emerged around the 1st century in India and spread first to China and then to Korea and Japan o Help other people reach enlightenment before themselves Greater vehicle Bodhisattva Yogacara o Branch of Mahayana o Consciousness only Venerate relics Pure Land Zen Theravada The comfortable realm in the western region of the heavens reserved for those who trust in the merit and grace of its lord the celestial Buddha Amitabha Amida Other power Also referred to as Chan A tradition centered on the practice of meditation and the teaching that ultimate reality is not expressible in words or logic but must be grasped through direct intuition Self power Meditation is very important o Zazen sitting meditation Teaching of the elders Dominant form of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Arhat o A worthy one or saint someone who has realized the ideal of spiritual perfection o Stop making Karma good or bad needed to reach enlightenment Insightful mindfulness meditation Vajrayana o Indigenous Islam Five Percent Nation Branch of Buddhism that became established in Tibet and the Himalayan region and later spread to Mongolia and eventually India 4 purities o Seeing your body as the body of Buddha o Seeing your environment as the Pure land o Perceiving your own enjoyment as the Buddha s enjoyment o Sense of duty benefit others for unselfish reasons Nation of Gods and Earth Founded by Clarence 13X split from Nation of Islam o Black man is collectively god Islam is a math based science o 5 Black men with knowledge of self o 85 Without knowledge of divinity of black man o 10 grafted white devils Know the truth about the divinity of black men but withhold this truth from the 85 Moorish Science Temple by Timothy Drew American religious organization founded in the early 20th century He based it on the belief that African Americans had descended from the Moors and thus were originally Islamic Nation of Islam Founded by W D Fard Elijah Muhammad leads from 1934 1975 o Says that Fard was God o American bible Middle eastern ethnic identity Islam Taqwacore Doctrine of original man o Restorationism o Science o God incarnate Fard Taqwa God fearing Core hard core punk rock Taqwacore Muslim punk rock o Non conforming o Anti establishment Against the U S government Christian America and traditional Islam Try to piss off as many people as possible their words not mine o Christianity Jehovah s Witnesses A member of a Christian founded in the US by Charles Taze Russell 1852 1916 Jehovah s Witnesses deny many traditional Christian doctrines including the divinity of Christ and refuse military service and blood transfusion on religious grounds Door to door evangelism Reject the Trinity Heavily persecuted o Died alongside Jews in the Holocaust Mormonism Church of latter day saints Founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 Mormon cosmology o World is full of souls that need bodies o Souls get a body on Earth o Preexistence Birth Earth Death Paradise or Prison Resurrection Sun moon stars o Mormonism is worried about deitification becoming a god rather than salvation People s Temple Also known as Jonestown Founded by Jim Jones in Guyana Temple formed from the disciples of christ Unification Movement Unification church o Founded by Sun Myung Moon in 1954 in South Korea o Expanded throughout the world o Philosophy for establishing the Kingdom of Heaven is family centered Focus on nonviolence extreme restraint Try to limit the damage they do to other creatures Jains break up the immoral caste system of Hinduism More equality in Jainism o Jainism o Shinto State Scholars call the period 1868 1945 the State Shinto period During these decades Shinto elements came under a great deal of overt state influence and control as the Japanese government systematically utilized shrine worship as a major force for mobilizing imperial loyalties on behalf of modern nation building Sect Tenrikyo Splinter group A monotheistic Shinto derived new religion originating from the teachings of a 19th century Japanese woman named Nakayama Miki o Known to her followers as Oyasama o Confucianism Emphasis on right action not belief or doctrine Focus on right relationships and social harmony Doctrine of the mean Supposed to make people balanced Make people better members of society through education Ability over birth Not about the supernatural oriented to this world Confucius 5 relationships Father son o Most important core Elder brother younger brother o Not limited to Confucianism Husband wife o Gender harmony o Husband superior Elder younger Ruler subject o Younger supposed to respect elders take advice seriously o Ruler supposed to act like a father care for them but able to discipline them o Daoism Focus on spirits Veneration of ancestors Seeing patterns in nature Yin and yang o Complementary opposites o Sikhism Founded by Guru Nanak Goal of Sikhism is to get liberation from Samsara Gobind Singh 10th Guru Founded the Khalsa Political tension builds Singh is executed o This caused other Sikhs to be executed as well o Also caused Sikhs to make sacred scriptures and a consensus of community o Hinduism Dominant religion or way of life of the Indian subcontinent 80 of India s population 1 billion followers 3rd most common after Christianity and Islam Wide spectrum of laws and prescriptions of daily morality based on karma dharma and societal norms No single text deity or teacher that all Hindus would consider supremely authoritative Many local deities with local names Terms o Ahmisa In Hindu Buddhist Jain traditions The principle of nonviolence toward all living things Extreme restraint o Alchemy In Daoism o Arhat o Atman In Hinduism o Bhakti In Hinduism Techniques such as composed meditation techniques visualization breathing and bodily posture exercises Immortality can be achieved through inner alchemy In the Theravada form of Buddhism A worthy one or saint someone who has realized the ideal of spiritual perfection Stop making Karma good or bad needed to reach enlightenment The individual self The spiritual life principle of the universe especially when regarded as inherent in the real self of the individual o A person s soul Loving devotion to a deity seen as a gracious being who enters the world for the benefit of humans Intense devotion to a deity o Bhagavad Gita A section of the Mahabharata epic recounting a conversation between Krishna
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