Plants and People Review Lecture 1 The place of plants in the tree of life o The five kingdoms and how organisms are classified We try to organize based on their evolutionary history o The characteristics of plants Method of nutrition photosynthesis structure method of reproduction o The big events in the evolution of organisms and their timing ICLICKER QUESTION Life appeared on Earth B 3 5 Billion years ago Lecture 2 The features of plant cells and how plants function physically o Chloroplasts and cell walls o Photosynthesis o Carbon Cycle and respiration o Xylem phloem and transpiration o Guard Cells and stomates o Cellulose Carbohydrate major component found in cell walls Lecture 3 The parts of plants o Basic parts roots stems leaves and lateral buds o Parts of the flower Female Stigma style ovary inside is the ovule Male stamen and pollen o Plants reproduction pollination and fertilization o Seed and fruits Ovule becomes the seed and the ovary wall becomes Lecture 4 Pollination and Seed Dispersal o Flowers are adapted for pollination o Wind pollination pollination by bees birds flies baths and nocturnal the fruit moths o Cross pollination versus self pollination o The fruit is an adaptation for seed dispersal o Fleshy fruits versus dry fruit Fleshy fruits are eaten by animals and dispersed by them ICLICKER QUESTION Plants with flowers that are white in color open at night and have strong heavy odors are likely to be pollinated by D Bats Lecture 5 Algae and the evolution of early land plants o Phytoplankton and their importance Base of the food chain Produce about 30 of the oxygen in our atmosphere o Multicellular marine algae red algae and brown algae o Green algae the progenitors of land plants o Mosses the earliest land plants evolve about 450 MYA No roots or xylem or phloem but have internal fertilization o Ferns and relatives appear 350 MYA have roots and xylem and o Alternation of generations method of reproduction used by all land phloem plants Gamete forming and spore forming generations o Origin of oil and coal deposits Partially decayed remains of organisms Lecture 6 Cone bearing plants The Gymnosperms o Reproductive advances Have pollen ovules and seeds but not flowers or fruits o Conifers Cycads and Ginkgo Conifers make up the most o The importance of conifers wood o Lumber and paper production Make up a major component of ecosystems provide us with o Flowering plants evolve 150 MYA have flowers and fruits Lecture 7 The origin of crop plants o Our most important crops wheat rice corn and potato o Cereal grains the part of the seed and the nutrients they contain Bran germ and endosperm Whole Wheat flour versus white flour o Protein content of cereals versus potato and beans o Crop domestication begins 8 10 thousand years ago Mesoamerica the Andes Middle East and China Know where major crops originated Earth warmed up to its current temperatures o Crop domestication involved the unintentional selection for loss of seed dispersal thinner seed coats and larger seeds Lecture 8 Agriculture o Early innovations irrigation plowing and crop rotation o Major nutrients needed for plant growth nitrates and phosphates o Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria convert N2 gas into nitrates plants use nitrates to make proteins animals get nitrogen by eating plants o Nitrogen for fertilizer is synthesized chemically phosphates are o Modern agriculture crop breeding mechanization synthetic fertilizer mined and its problems Expensive hard on the soil causes pollution o Genetic modification of crops resistance to insects and herbicides Corn cotton Lecture 9 Plants are chemical factories o Defense compounds and chemical attractants for pollination o Drugs produced by plants are defense compounds Morphine and Salicylic Acid Aspirin o Potential benefits and problems with herbal medicines o Coffee spices and the age of Exploration o Poisonous Plants Apple cherry and peach seeds Potato and Tomato leaves
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