REL 1300 MIDTERM Study Guide Terms to know Anatman Under the two roots of the Noble Truth of Origin Means no atman or no eternal self Atman the soul ones deepest inner self Brahman The key idea of Upanishads The world soul infinity A cosmic power controlled by Brahmin Brahmins Class that offers sacrifices with fire the priests under the laws of Manu Caste System 4 varnas or castes Brahmin priests knowledge from sacred texts Kshatriya rulers valor Vaisuas merchants wealth Shudras servants old age Dharma duty or law Prescribed behavior one follows Harappan Culture Indus Valley Civilization 2750 1750 BCE Igbo Chukwu high supreme god Writing system Urban civilization End in 1750 when Indo Europeans invade and become dominant in 1500 BCE It may be a common ancient language Chi each persons unique spirit determining fate Ritual sacrifices in shrines make offerings to wood figures Visiting oracle Agbala the god of the oracle Week of peace Has funerals trials and rituals Missionary attempts to invade in 1857 limited success In 1900 s Christianity became fashionable social advantages under British rule Igbo slowly learned Karma simply actions and their consequences Koan a paradoxical anecdote or riddle used in Zen Buddhism to demonstrate the inadequacy of logical reasoning and to provoke enlightenment Monotheism The belief in one god Pluralism acceptance of multiple religions and paths to god more than religious tolerance Samsara reincarnation cycle of birth and death Secularism religion should not be involved in government Syncretism the combination of different forms of religion fusion of two or more forms The Four Sights Buddhism Old man Sick man Dead man Shramana Triple Gem of Buddhism Buddha Dharma teachings Sangha community monks Bhakti devotion to a personal god The movement started in SOUTHERN India Wandering poet saints called Alvars Centered on Vishnu and Shiva in all forms Open to everyone rejection of caste system Tamil Heritage used language of the people NORTHERN no temple based worship rituals used poetry and silent meditation Focused on a formless divine being Bindi dot on head point at which creation begins and may become unity Eightfold Path Fourth Nobel Truth Right view Right thought Right speech understanding Right action Right livelihood Right effort conduct Right mindfulness Right concentration awareness Four Noble Truths Sufferings dukha are unavoidable Origin trishna thirst or craving all cause suffering Anicca impermanence of the perceived world Anatman no atman no eternal self Cessation is to extinguish thirst or desire one must detach which leads to Nirvana The Eightfold Path to avoid super high super low way of life Holi Honors youthful Krishna 3 days of city wide play lila divine play on last day bonfires happen to consume evil Khalsa amrit dhari When Guru Gabind Singh picked the 5 cherished pure ones 5 K s Kes uncut hair beard Kanyha comb in hair Kipan steel dagger Kara steel bracelet on right wrist Kachh special shorts Special initiation right mostly a MINORITY but influential Amrit dhari is the possessor of the nectar of immortality Langar common Sikh kitchen where food is served in a Gurdwara to everyone Nirvana perfect peace and happiness one could obtain fully enlightened Linga Phallus a general power in nature Mantra a hymn or word to induce meditation Parinirvana nirvana that happens after death Polytheism belief in two or more gods Syllable Om represents the divine in everyone to sound out loudly sound present at the creation of the universe Vendanta Brahman and Atman world soul and self soul Based on Upanishads Bhagavad Gita and Brahma Sutra Seeks to resolve tension between the one and the many Yogi practitioner of the yoga s Yoni womb house offerings are given to gods Yoruba Nigeria also on 4 continents 20 million practitioners 5th Century BCE Olodumare Supreme Being left creation to Orisha Orisha the 401 lesser gods Led to Voodoo in Haiti Santeria in Cuba Three Ways to Liberation Hinduism The way of action Karma Yoga The way of knowledge Jnana Yoga The way of devotion Bhakti Yoga Animism attributes souls to plants inanimate objects and natural phenomena Bhikshus Bhikshunis a Hindu or Buddhist monk Buddha Day Festival Birthday of the original Buddha celebration Dana Ritual cultivating generosity by donation or charity Gurdwara gateway to the guru is the place of worship for Sikhs however people from all faiths and those who do not profess any faith are welcomed in the Sikh Gurdwara Mahayana The Great Vehicle form of Buddhism Mandala Geometric figure representing the universe Puja Worship preformed at temple and home Pure Land Buddhism Typical in China and Japan focused on Amithaba traditions Sangha the community or association of monks Theravada the more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism in contrast Mahayana Vajrayana the indestructible way one of the three vehicles to enlightenment Zazen seated meditation People and Gods Zen Buddhism meditation practice mostly by Chinese influenced by Taoism Krishna describes human soul gods and liberation Arjuna soul in quest of salvation Vishnu Sustainer 10 incarnations 1st incarnation is a fish 7th is Rama Rama the ideal son husband and king story of Ramayana in the forest meaning of how the world is ordered Ravana king and antagonist in Ramayana epic story Sita the ideal wife in the Ramayana epic story Shakyamuni Siddhartha Indian prince upon enlightenment he was called a Buddha Shiva destroyer Buddha the awakened one Siddhartha Gautama born to be a ruler or religious figure Devi Parvati The great goddess Shiva s consort Eshu messenger god one of the orishas in Yoruba religion Bodhisattva anyone who is with enlightenment generated bodhicitta Brahma Creator god Dali Lama the spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism and until the establishment of Chinese communist rule the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet Guru Nanak focused on inward devotion drinks nectar of life 4 journeys settled after 20 years and groups of Sikhs gathered Ends samsara reincarnation Adi Granthi is the collection of his hymns 1st Guru Olodumare supreme being of Yoruba Religion left creation to Orisha Orisha the 401 lesser gods Adi Grath First Book musical patterns from 5 gurus text itself is honored Sikh TEXTS The Vedas Rig Veda oldest Upanishads recent Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharra Veda Each has 4 sections Sambitas or hymns Brahmanas or ritual instructions Aranuakas or forest compositions Upanishads or philosophical works
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