Baby bio exam 4 Paleontologist a specialist who studies the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic time represented by the fossils of plants animals and other organisms Paleobiology combines the methods of natural science biology with the methods and findings of the earth science paleontology Scrotum Humanum the first name of a dino discovered Mososaurus sea monster the animal that started the concept that animals were extinct Megalosaurus giant lizard similar to komodo dragon Iguanodon named for the tooth that looked like an iguana tooth Richard owen a paleontologist that first created the word dinosaura which means fearfully great reptile reptiles in Europe are different than those living today Pterosaurs closest relative to dinos The three featuers of a dino 1 3 or more sacral vertebrae fused backbone 2 perforate acetabulum hole in hipbone 3 3 or more fingers two kinds of dinos 1 ornithischians bird hipped 2 Saurischians lizard hipped Deinonychus stood on two toes and looked like a bird this is the dino that fueled dino renaissance terrible claw showed that all dinos are not slow lumbering brutes small body large brain Half life when a material degrades the half life if when one half of the material is gone and lets us know when it first existed Deinosuchus the giant crocodile 31 000 lbs immense bite force Plesiosaurus a sea monster not a dino loch ness monster fins and gave live birth Trace fossils the remains of other organic material produed by an organism but not the actual remains Ex Burrows feeding marks coprolites eggs sedimentary rocks where we find our dino remains also found in volcanic rock but less common badlands laces where plants don t grow and where we find dinos none in FL Ornithischians bird shaped hipbones Thyreopora categorized by having a shield barrier or body armor osteoderms bumps on the backs of dinos endocasts the internal cast of a hollow object Fills brain cavities to tell us about fossils and biology cerapoda dinos with a gap between the front and back teeth ate crocs Heterodontosaurus different toothed lizard has different shaped teeth like a mammal Sexual dimorphism differences in size and shape between sexes found in dinos although we don t know the gender of any dinos Tooth battery they have hundreds of teeth that work together while they eat with new teeth erupting into the mouth all the time Hadrosaurid or duck billed dino have the most evidence of this kind because of things such as bite marks feces and track marks hudreds of interlocked teeth self sharpening crest was NOT used as a snorkel no holes marginocephalia classified by the rim on the bone of the back of the neck this bone was either used for head butting or flank butting Ceratopsians beaks shaped like parrot Oviraptor known as the egg stealers because it was thought they were stealing eggs when in fact their own Oviraptor eggs know shape skull Pachyrhinosaurus Thick nosed lizard Canadians believed they had a giant nosed horn Sauropods long necks long tails small beaks and had nose on top of their head 140 ft long would not fit in Ruby Diamond Theropod Beast footed dino Most closely associated with a bird smallest saurischia thin hollow bones spinosaurus remains blown up by british in WW2 Ornithomimids the fastest dino Could go 40 mph or more Segnosaurus dino scissor hands therapod that ate plants could tell through teeth Deinonychosauria had a fearsome huge claw on feet Troodons smallest dino with largest brain COMPARED TO WHAT ANIMAL Encephaliation Quotient brain size vs body mass Dinosauroid a picture of what an evolved dino to a human prediction of evolution Archaeopteryn the first bird found in china ancient wig proof that birds lived during the time of Dinos Theropods Teeth hand claws feathers FACTS TO KNOW China was first to write about dinos Dinos are related to crocodiles and pterosaurs o However they are not closely related to pterosaurs even though they act differently Robert Bakker and the Deinonuchus are what fueled the dino renaissance believed that all dinos moved like birds mammals Dinos lived over 65 5 mil yrs ago we know because isotopes in volcanic rock Climate was much warmer at that tine Crocodiles lived with dinos Largest crocodile was 37 000 lbs Paleontology is found in geology not biology Dinos were terrestrial not aquatic Dinos had self sharpening teeth Dinos found with crests were thought to use them for snorkles but later discovered that was NOT the case Longest dino recorded was the supersaurus at 140 ft Apatosaurus was also named the brontosaurus Tallest dino recorded was the suroposeiden at 56 ft tall Oviraptiors were toothless TRex o Tail is not on the ground o 2 fingers o Has a great sense of smell No dino lived past 50 years Dinos start small and end big Dominate the planet for 172 billion years We cut open dinos and found out that they grew fast and then just stopped and they had a fast metabolism grew much faster than reptiles When dinos were extinct so did 40 80 of all other plants and animals Three possible extinction theories 1 Volcanoes 2 Sea level change 3 Asteroid impact smallest dino found was 7 oz the president that was intrigued by dinos was Thomas Jefferson Dinos to know Iguanodon first herbivorus dino Debate about plate arrangement on back stegosaurus ornithscian pic on page 35 steg plates Paleobiologist 1st thought skull was knee cap 2 types of butting It is a pachyepolosaur orthinscian pg 51 Inspiration for greek ynifin Ceratopeisian orinschian pg 56 History Supersaurus sauropod 140 ft long Cant fit in ruby diamond pg 64 Extinction theories 1 Volcanoes in india lots of volcanoes at dino time 2 Drastic lowering of sea levels sediment distributions 3 6 mile wide asteroid rare materials found in space rocks found in ash layers what theory most popular asteroid Problems in theory no explaination to why some animals survived Vocab general Qs 1 Closest place to tally for dinos GA 2 Rocks sedimentary 3 Dino 3 features 3 or more sacral vertebrae 3 main fingers Perrorate accetabula 4 How do we know age of dinos Uranium 235 half life 5 What type of dino pg 12 if pubis points towards saurchian 6 Sex of dino cant tell sexual dimorphism 7 Dispersion of force of skull finite element modeling 8 How Smart Look at endoclast enciphilization quotient EQ 9 Diet copperlite 10 Problems in naming dinos Overslitting know an example Ceratorsia ornithsian or saur Confusing skull oviraptor sauropod pg 78 mouth is on the right confusing over it PPL
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