DINOSAURS EXAM Paleontologist Someone who studies any aspect of ancient organisms Paleobiology The study of the lives of ancient organisms physiology behavior ecology functional anatomy Dr Erickson looks at fossils The first writings about dinosaurs come from China Scrotum humanum was the first dinosaur ever named it s thigh bone was found but they thought it was a scrotum If you see a picture if a scrotum like Cuvier developed the concept of extinction Megalosaurus was the first valid dinosaur Iguanadon was another of the first valid dinosaurs Thomas Jefferson was a fossil fanatic and told them to be on the lookout for mastadons furry elephants Richard Owen said this was a new group of reptiles The Dinosauria meaning Fearfully Great Reptiles Pterasaurs are close relatives of dinosaurs 1964 Deinonychus the real raptor from Jurassic Park was found by John Ostrom Everyone started studying dinosaurs and hundreds of jobs were created More money is spent on dinosaurs than ever A new dinosaur is found every week This began the Dinosaur Renaissance in the 60 s and 70 s Robert Bakker was another key player in the dinosaur renaissance Three Key Features of Dinosaurs Three or more sacral vertebrae fused backbones in hip region Hands with three main fingers Perforate acetabulae a hole in their hips where their thighbone attached and goes all the way through their hip When did they live 238 million years ago until 65 5 million years ago Dinosaurs were terrestrial animals land animals Fossils Remains of ancient life Trace Fossils Traces of ancient life not the actual physical remains but their behavior Dinosaur tracks tell us that dinosaurs did not drag their tales Two types of dinosaurs Ornithiscians had bird shaped hips Saurischians had lizard shaped hips Uranium and lead is what we used to date dinosaurs The world was a lot warmer during the age of dinosaurs Continents moved during the age of dinosaurs plate tectonics He will show a picture of a giant crocodile like creature and say that it is a crocodile and not a dinosaur They measured a saltwater crocodile and its bite force was 3 700 lbs highest bite force ever measured Plesiosaur is the supposed loch ness monster not a dinosaur We find dinosaurs in sedimentary rocks We do not find any dinosaurs in Florida The closest place to go is Georgia Ornithiscia bird shaped hip bones pubis points backwards and beaks to crop plants Thyreophora means shield bearers Osteoderm means they had bones in their skin armor Endocasts are made when sediment fills a bone cavity The first dinosaurs were small and then got bigger Paleontology was founded in geology Cerapodans have a gap between the front and back teeth Heterodontosaur means different shaped teeth he will show us a picture of its skull We do not know the sex of any dinosaur one of the biggest mysteries Sexual dimorphism refers to differences between the males and females Features of duck bills dental battery and self sharpening teeth We know so much about duck bills because answer will be all of the above We have lots of skeletons We found their herds herds of up to 10 000 individuals We ve found their nesting grounds Mummified specimens have been found Bite mark specimens Found lots of coprolites Parasaurolophus had a crest and it was thought to be a snorkel but that is not true Marginocephalia means margin or rim of bone sticking out the back of their skull Two theories about this skull they used it to head butt or flank butt Finite Element Modeling When you take a computer rendition to figure out how something was done and can be used to measure dissipation of force Ceratopsians have a parrot like beak and big neck frills Protoceratops was found with a bunch of eggs near by but we found out they weren t theirs Oviraptor the egg stealer was thought to be eating the eggs but we found it they were oviraptor eggs and they were good mothers Pachyrinosaur boss a large bump on its head was pictured two different ways one with a giant horn drawn by the Canadians and one without He will show a picture of this on the test Saurischians the lizard hips had a thigh bone that pointed forward Sauropods had nostrils on top of their heads he will show a picture of its skull The longest dinosaur could not fit in Ruby Diamond auditoruim 140 feet long Apatosaurus is brontosaurus it got named twice this is called overslplitting The tallest dinosaur was 56ft tall Sauroposeidon Some drew sauropods as having a trunk on tops of its head The meat eaters had hollow bones Coelophysus was found with crocodiles in its stomach it ate crocs Spinosaurus was blown up when the British bombed a museum in Germany WWII Ornithomimids bird mimic dinosaurs were the fastest dinosaurs Tyrannosaurs have two fingers Segnosaurs had scissor hands but they were actually herbivores Oviraptor s skull is very confusing but its mouth was on the bottom right he will show a picture Deinonychosaurs had a flip knife claw like a cat Troodontids smartest dinosaurs Encephalization Quotient EQ is used to measure this measures brain size relative to body mass Dinosauroid was a crazy picture drawn up of what dinosaurs would look like if they were still alive today looked human like he will show a picture of this T rex did not drag its tail he will show you a picture and you have to say that its tail should be up in the air T rex had a great sense of smell which you can tell from its endocasts that show it had huge olfactory bulbs T rex couldn t run it could only ample like elephants T rex was a cannibal T rex was both a predator and a scavenger Growth rates were determined by cutting into dinosaur bone and examining the growth lines These lines showed that their growth was a blend of reptiles and mammals They grew a lot like marsupials slow growing mammals Dinosaurs disappeared 65 5 mya They were not the only animals to die lots of other species did too Three theories for death of dinosaurs Volcanism Lowering in sea levels Asteroid hitting Gulf of Mexico Why did some animals survive These three theories do not tell us why Archaeopteryx the first bird found Birds are actually theropod dinosaurs We have found dinosaurs with feathers some had four wings Smallest dinosaur 7 oz little raptors and closest relative to birds
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