08 29 2014 Religious Pluralism Religious Pluralism Fact of plurality Implied dialogue o Eck Clash of civilizations Samuel Huntington Equal discourse among nations o Primary theorist with CofC o Had lectures in the 90 s that said that the post cold war era was religious difference than economics or any other issue o That makes it so they cannot co exist o Not about toleration and don t expect minority rights if you re jailed in Iran it is your fault if you don t fit in get out Eck s 3 voices Theology o Personal belief and faith o Ultimate truth o Some kind of claim connected to a religion Civic Academic o Law and constitution o Facts and Truth o What it means to be American o About facts not TRUTH o Uses multiple sources o Things that you can prove o The claims made in the academic voice can be proved Judaism Documentary Hypothesis 08 29 2014 Textual Criticism 4 classes of editors redactors o Created the bible from indp parallel conflicting sources o Earliest source identified o Concerned with overarching themes about Yahweh as GOD o Also mutual obligation J Yawhist E Elohist o Eloheme title for god in Hebrew The Lord o Concerned about a different regional politics D Deuteronomist o Concerned about religious reform o Changing interpretations to fit the current context P Priestly o Exile in Babylon The Hebrews conquered and taken to Babylon separated from temple a lot are a part of the priestly class P is what is about being jewish in a foreign country Created overtime collection of books that make up the bible called a Canon Ethnic Religion Passed from one generation to another Conversion is not strictly necessary Orthopraxy o Correct action Covenant o Mutual obligation between god and people o Nothing to do with afterlife o No concept of reward after death o All about having a good life o Law Contract Orthodox 70 C E Hader Most closely that conforms to fulfilling 613 commandments in the bible No temple worship Identified by the way they dress eat Reform etc Reforming jewish tradition to fit in contemporary society Goal was to assimilate Not considered as equal citizens couldn t vote go to university Middle way between orthodox and reform Conservative Akedah The Talmud The binding of Isaac A collection of opinions and arguments about the bible and oral tradition in Judaism Responsa o Not everyone agrees and its ok Rabbis Rabbinic 1st century sects o Sadduces In charge of temple ritual Elite wealthy influential members of society o Pharisees Middle class reformers Maintaining ritual purity Important for temple worship and daily life People who come in contact with dead semen must go through a ritual bath mikvah Only group that exist at the end o Essenes o Zealots A group of religious radicals Followed the Righteous Teacher Convinced an apocalypse was going to happen Decided to live in the desert Probably wrote the dead sea scrolls Concerned about the romans and roman power Revolt to get rid of romans didn t work resulted in the destruction of the temple Maccabee revolt during hanukah 70 C E Temple is destroyed Pharisees focus on education o Anybody can be a rabbi Pharisees Rabbis Knowing the law and practicing the law Rabbi is about learning and anybody can study Midrash Process of interpretation Responsa Interpretation of the Talmud work with the Hebrew bible Exegesis Innovation Exegesis interpretation Innovation Continuity with the past Blood libel Forced conversion Ghettos Pogroms Massacre Christians thought it was bad to charge people for loans Diaspora Exile Because of constant persecution Zionism Theodor Herzl Didn t care about maintaining jewish traditions spiritual practice Reform movement is dedicated to enlightenment ideas Dreyfus Affair o Committed to find a nation for jews and it didn t have to be the holy land o Safe from persecution Order Identity Who is in and who is out Kabbalah Mystical dimension of Judaism Mystic o Someone who is searching for God without an intermediary Love union identity Become so closely associated with God they lose sight Pre modern to today Arises in the medieval period Concerned with explaining the mystery between good and evil o Explain their circumstances o Looking to have a more intimate relationship with God o A way to draw on God s promises o A better time to come Mystical Prayer where people meditate on the nature of God Absolute goodness and by following law so they maintain kosher laws Tikkun Olam Repairing the World o Focused on covenant o Every human action has a cosmic consequence Book of splendor Basic claim is that there was a time when God was manifest on Earth through Shekinah Divine Presence Care about esoteric knowledge Deeply connected to Jewish mysticism Movement in eastern Europe Get away from the scholarly focus of Judaism Wanted something that was really intense Zohar Agnostic Hasidism Coalesced Tzoddieu righteous person Experience with God Messianism Jews are waiting for the messiah Orthodox as modern New interpretations of Torah Openly gay Rabbi 1 Open to medicine and psychology Reform History Judaism Enlightenment o Principles o Individual rights o Logic and Reason o Always changing and changed in ways that benefit people in the tradition Ordination for women o 1970 s o Second wave of Feminism Personhood Personhood 08 29 2014 Western Human being o Native Humans other than human beings i e animal spirits forces expansive understanding of personhood and reciprocity Religions assume relationships of mutual obligation between people and other beings Instrumentalist Rituals performed to get healing fertility etc to effect concrete change in the world not about themselves but for the good of the community Applies across native traditions Focus is on power and how to manage it Trickester figure Associated with death confound logic social norms makes chaos No strict dualism in native religions No division between good and evil really gray Causing mischief and playing tricks on people in a funny ways o Myth of the environmental Indian Communal societies Gender roles Iroquois Men public figure Women behind the political scene Flexible relationships Men responsible for wars and hunting Mourning war The women would decide for a replacement of the lost initiate a fight for grief torture or help that person Colonial period too many casualties to replace diverted too much energy God gold guns Ghost dance Ghost dance prophecy 08 29 2014 Dead will return There is going to be a paradise on earth where everything before European
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