Second largest religion Founded in 7th century Arabic origins Quran only authoritative in Arabic Muhammad god s nal prophet Salat the ve daily prayers Anti iconographic A missionary religion Aim to converted pagans not judeo Christians The last of 3 monotheistic religions Abrahamic Origins Hanifs pious ones are the local monotheists Ka ba was said to be established by Abraham at Mecca area is surrounded by nomads who are polytheistic Mixes mono with poly More towards polytheism because it bene ts the economy of the city Customers are poly who give employers monotheistics business Socially similar to Christian caring for the poor but traditionally di erent Message of ethical monotheism Muhammad called on by Gabriel in 610 622 Muhammad and family migrate to Medina The Hijrah means to travel The three feuding groups unite under Muhammad Start to think of themselves as people of medina not of their tribe Judo Arab traditions syncretism Yom kippur Pray towards Jerusalem Jews don t want to accept Islam so traditions change Ramadan Pray towards Mecca Accept Ishmael s lineage not Isaac Battles between Mecca and medina 1 Mecca brings 3000 soldiers medina has 300 Medina wins interpret win as God has favor on them Battle of Badr 624 A B Battle of Uhud A Battle of the Trench A B 2 3 Mecca wins Medina thinks of it as Jewish people s fault Muslims want a uni ed front C Calvary sent by Mecca is stopped by trench creates a truce Muhammad marches to Mecca who then surrenders Mecca becomes a Muslim city Muhammad takes the Ka ba built by Abraham and turns it to become a part of Islamic tradition a Although it was originally used as a place to venerate polytheistic gods it was built by Abraham so Muhammad was able to form a tradition that would make poly and monos happy What happens after Muhammad s death Islam divides 1 Sunni means tradition Sunnah A Authority in the role Abu Bakr Muhammad s best friend The leader imam a b Authority comes from Muhammad s family a Ali his son in law the Imam Shi a means partisans A 2 Su sm Means wool wearers Started as an ascetic movement People will go through extreme measures to nd peace with god Shifted towards mysticism means an all encompassing love for the divine Rumi a mystic Al Hallaj a mystic read more from 230 231 Became so close to god said I am God Quran word of god through Muhammad arranged from longest chapter to shortest not chronological Chapter sura Makes known that god is all powerful Restores Abrahamic religion thought of as the true religion Prepare for day of judgement Holy texts The 5 pillars of Islam 1 2 3 4 E Zakat Alms giving A B C D Ramadan A B Aniconic no pictures but beautiful description through calligraphy Allah means God Shahadah bearing witness that there is Allah is the only God and Muhammad is the messenger A B Salat prayer A B C D Called to prayer 5 times a day Done either alone or at mosque towards Mecca Use prayer rugs Ablutions wash themselves for purity Cycle of prostrations sitting up and down constantly Brings body into the prayer unlike other religions Fatifah Similar to the Lord s Prayer Used to purify themselves from greed Used to be a tax required 2 5 Sadaqah voluntarily giving more A loan to god Emphasizes the importance of the umma Islamic community Based on Lunar calendar symbolized by the crescent moon The same month that Muhammad supposedly nished the Quran Commemorates C D E F G Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca A B C the angel Gabriel coming to Muhammad Fasting from sunrise to sunset Zakat al tr Iftar breaking the fast Id al tr end the fast holiday where you go out to visit the poor or exchange gifts A time of devoted prayer and re ection Required to go once in a lifetime Surround and walk around the Ka ba imitate Abraham Put on burial clothes and stand to god open to judgement Imitates time after death Ends with nding a way to be redeemed 5 Jihad means struggle Find a way to make your community more Islamic Term can be interpreted di erently picked up from militants Movement that mobilized Turks to push out Monguls Africans to push out Brits during colonialism
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