I Judaism Study Guide for Western Monotheisms 1 Israel ancient one nation with 12 tribes when united under David and Solomon After Solomon s death the 10 northern tribes secede and become modern Israel a Taken over by Assyrians 2 Judah Judea Judea was one of the 12 tribes of Israel Judah becomes the southern nation when the north secedes Jerusalem the capital of Israel located in Judea 3 4 David Solomon kingdom nation is united Solomon builds the First Temple 5 Torah the Law of Moses the oral laws first written down by Ezra after the Babylonian Exile the first five books of the Bible a Pentateuch the Greek term for Torah 6 Zoroastrianism a minority religion but not wiped out still here today Idea of Dualism emerged good v evil a Brought in by the Persians during the Exile b c Monotheism belief in only 1 God d Eschatology the part of theology concerned with death judgment and the final destiny of the soul and of humankind 7 Sabbath the holy day of rest occurs from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday a Set on the 7th day the same when God rested 8 Passover a religious holy time narrates the Exodus from Egypt a A spring festival b Compelling story that brings a lot of hope to many peoples ex Slaves in the US c Brings out the idea of a liberation theology God wants His people to be free d Sadder meal created to reminisce on the tough times but brings hope for the e The door is left open or there is an empty chair saved for Elijah 9 Elijah major prophet supposedly when he comes back in his chariot he will be the 10 Moses commanded by God to lead the Chosen People out of Egypt to the Promised Messiah forerunner of the Messiah Land a Continually fought with the Egyptian king bringing many plagues to the country until he let God s People go b Received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai renewed the covenant 11 Yom Kippur the Day of Atonement a The most solemn day of the year a strict fast day 12 Exodus the mass exit of Jews from Egypt to the Promised Land took 40 years 13 Shema means hear a Jewish prayer said morning and night 14 Talmud the interpretive text compiled of the Mishnah and the Gemarah 15 Midrash interpretive text 16 Maccabean Revolt a Cause Greek emperor Antiochus IV began forced Hellenization on Jews burned the Torah placed statue of Zeus in the Temple sacrificed pigs dirty animals b The Jewish people fought against the Antiochus IV and won rededicated the c Mobilized by the Torah law used as an instrument to help an empire and Temple destroy another d Remembered during Hanukkah 17 Hellenization time when the Greek traditions were spreading and emerging across the Greek empire started by Alexander the Great a The conquered people began to believe in the Greek gods speak their language use the gymnasium etc b Problem young generation wanted to evolve with the Greeks and hide their circumcision people were naked at the gymnasiums 18 Sadducees priestly class of Jews during Roman Empire ran the Temple and worked with the taxes sent to Rome a Only way to respond to Rome is by obeying them and obeying the Temple b A practical people that know the power of the Romans 19 Pharisees teachers experts at the law a Follow the law not only at the Temple but in everyday life b Roman response Obey God If one obeys God then one should be okay with the Romans 20 Zealots the radicals militants a Roman response kill them 21 Essenes ascetic live in the dessert a Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls b Roman response left the empire c Belief in 2 Messiahs 22 Babylon Exile 580s BC an intense theological reflection because so much was lost a God s house was set on fire Many Jews questioned Did God abandon them Is their God less powerful than the Babylonian God b Lost the homeland the City of God c Possibility of nation dying out with people gone d Prompted exiled people to write down oral traditions e Descendants of David died even though Jews were promised a Savior through his descendants Judaism becomes a Diaspora f 23 Tanakah the whole Hebrew Bible T Torah N prophets K wisdom writings 24 Persia 530s BC sends home exiles and allows Jews more freedom which was done to prevent revolts a Temples became places where items and taxes were collected 25 Second Temple with the destruction of the Temple Judaism renovated from a sacrificial religion to a textual religion requires a canon the Midrash etc 26 Medieval philosophy thrived under Muslim rule a Maimonides Jewish philosopher who lived around 1200 AD tried to answer reason and revelation explained the biblical passages were allegorical 27 Rabbis means teacher wrote the Midrash to record debates about rules in the Torah and how they arrived at the answer a Reason for coining the term Rabbinic Judaism 28 Reform Judaism most modern form of Judaism prefer to be a good citizen before a good Jew a Cultural accommodation a way to integrate beliefs with where one lives b Use local vernacular at the synagogue c More open to interpretation of the law 29 Conservative Judaism a middle way between Orthodox and Reform Judaism a No one really decides for them how lenient their practices are 30 Orthodox Judaism emphasizes preservation of Judaism especially Hasidic Judaism a Services said in Hebrew b Strict interpretation of the Law c Expect the return of the Messiah a messianic movement 31 Abraham God called on him to be the Father of the Chosen People the lineage goes down through his second son Isaac 32 Apocalyptic major theme of Judaism especially during the prophetic era a God will come down on the Day of YHWH and bring God s kingdom on Earth b Natural chaos mountains will flatten c Social inversion poor and suffering will rise up and kings will go down d Before this those who die go to Sheol realm of dead and will resurrect in order to reach the Kingdom of God on Earth 33 Synagogue analogous to a temple the house of worship Pray towards Jerusalem B Ideas 1 Judaism was the belief system of a particular place 2 The Babylonian Exile was a watershed event 3 The Torah has been a tool of both imperial control and resistance to imperial control 4 Early sectarianism was due to differing responses to Roman rule 5 Loss of the Second Temple initiated Rabbinic Judaism 6 One of the elements of Medieval Judaism was philosophy 7 Modern branches of Judaism came as a result of the European Enlightenment II Christianity 1 Apocalyptic Christianity is an apocalyptic Judaism that features Dualism Eschatology Divine intermediates and the Messiah a God will come at the end of time and
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