Vocabulary for BSC1005 Exam 1 BLOOD TRANSPORT CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Ch 3 Heart Right atria Left atria Cardiac Muscle Left Ventricle o The primary muscle o pump contraction of the heart moves the blood into the major blood vessels arteries o Deoxygenated blood enters the heart here and is pumped into the right ventricle o Oxygen rich blood enters here through the pulmonary vein causes rhythmical beating of the heart makes up the bulk of the heart s mass o o main generator of pressure that drives blood ow through the cardiovascular system o More muscular o Pumps Oxygenated Blood 2 valves between atria and ventricles o Tricuspid and Mitral 2 valves between ventricles and arteries o Aortic Valve and Pulmonic Valve Control of Heart Rate o o The nervous system is important for acute beat to beat changes in heart rate through modulation of SA node function Hormones circulating in the blood can also in uence heart rate and cardiac contraction and relaxation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart o Systematic circulation Pulmonary Circulation o Carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart SA Node sinoatrial node a region of specialized cells of the right atrium The SA node is the heart s own pacemaker o Pacemaker Atrioventricular Node AV node o SA Node o a region of specialized cells between the atria and the ventricles it is the central structure responsible for transmission of the electrical signal between the atria and ventricles transmission o AV node delays Vasculature blood vessels Arterial Vasculature o o Three Portions of all of the blood vessels in the body that the blood moves through Vasculature arterial capillary and venous o Blood leaves heart and goes to arterial then capillary then veinous o The arterial walls are thicker than other blood vessels and contain more connective tissue which adds strength and elasticity Smooth muscle and connective tissue make up the bulk of the thick vessel walls o o o They are the site of o A thin layer of cells that form the inner lining of the arterial vasculature are the smallest diameter blood vessels exchange for gasses and other small molecules between the blood and vascularized cells in tissues They receive blood from the arterial vasculature and blood exits into the venous vasculature o Endothelium Capillaries Veinous vasculature o Venous blood pressure is the lowest in the circuit blood pressure drops throughout the cycle starting from the major arteries and ending at the atria ECG or EKG o re ects the electrical activity of the cardiac cycle when it is measured using electrodes placed on the body s surface o Features P wave QRS Complex and T wave P wave QRS complex o Electrical activity in aorta o Associated with the o electrical activity in the ventricles It s the most prominent feature of EKG bc of the large amount of tissue in the ventricles o Formed when the ventricles recover from electrical depolarization o Phase of the Cardiac Mechanical Cycle when the heart lls with blood o Portion of the cardiac cycle when contractions occur and blood is pumped out into the arteries T Wave Diastole Systole Blood pressure higher lower Heart sounds Lub sound o o Changes in blood motion as valves close and open commonly termed S1 and is caused by turbulence caused by the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole Dubb sound CO SV HR Stroke volume Heart rate Arteries Veins o o o S2 is caused by the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves marking the end of systole o CO volume of blood pumped out by the heart in one minute o Volume of blood pumped by one heartbeat o o Number of beats per minute carry the oxygenated blood to the tissues around the body carry deoxygenated blood consists of connective tissue smooth muscle and a thin layer of endothelial cells that form an inner lining o much thinner walls than arteries tissue that connects supports binds or separates other tissues or organs tissue because it connects cells throughout the body as it continuously circulates within blood vessels o Blood is a connective o Connective tissue Smooth muscle myocardial infarction o muscle tissue in which the contractile brils are not highly ordered occurring in the gut and other internal organs and not under voluntary control papillary muscles o o Development of new shock absorbers angiogenesis blood vessels cardiovascular disease o o o Heart conditions that stroke o include diseased vessels structural problems and blood clots occurs when blood vessels in the heart become blocked occurs when blood vessels in the brain are blocked atherosclerosis refers to the thickening of arterial walls due to the buildup of fats including cholesterol hearts ability to pump is o reduced o The muscle walls of the heart become thinner and the heart enlarges is the series of vessels and lymph nodes that lymph moves through as it travels from tissue to the cardiovascular system heart failure o Lymphatic system o together with the cardiovascular system makes up the circulatory system Interstitial uid forms lymph o Epiglottis Larynx Bronchioles Bronchi o o o a potentially life threatening condition that occurs when the epiglottis a small cartilage lid that covers your windpipe swells blocking the ow of air into your lungs the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals the voice box any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides o the main passageway into the lungs o When someone takes a breath through their nose or mouth the air travels into the larynx o The next step is through the trachea which carries the air to the left and right bronchus is a tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs allowing the passage of air o Trachea RESPIRATORY SYSTEM COMPONENTS Nasal cavity Oral cavity Nostril o Pharynx o The nasal cavity or nasal fossa is a large air lled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face continuation of one of the two nostrils o Each cavity is the o Also known as the oral cavity the mouth is the hollow cavity that allows food and air to enter the body The mouth contains many other organs such as the teeth tongue and the ducts of the salivary glands that work together to aid in the ingestion and digestion of food either of two external openings of the nasal cavity in vertebrates that admit air to the lungs and smells to
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