Religion Final Study Guide Judaism Sacrifice Jewish Diaspora The Scattering of Jewish people outside of Palestine among the Gentiles after Babylonian exile Sabbath Day of rest and 7th day in the week Jews remember the creation of Heaven and earth in 6 days Zionism The movement of Jews supporting a Jewish homeland in Israel Theodor Herzl formed world Zionist organization and was a father of modern Zionism Ahad Ha am founder of cultural Zionism 1 Reform Judaism a form of Judaism initiated in Germany by the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn 1729 86 that has reformed or abandoned aspects of Orthodox Jewish worship and ritual in an attempt to adapt to modern changes in social political and cultural life Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim 1 Conservative Judaism a form of Judaism particularly prevalent in North America that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism Babylonian Exile The period in Jewish history during which a number of Jews were captives in Babylonia Circumcision Performed on the 8th day of life in a Bris Rabbi A Jewish scholar or teacher especially one who studies or teaches Jewish law Religious leader Synagogue building where Jewish congregation meets for worship or instruction Apocalypticism religious belief that there will be an apocalypse Maccabean Revolt A group of Jewish rebels who reclaimed religious freedom from the Seleucid Empire and started the tradition of Hanukkah by rededicating the temple 1 Hanukkah a lesser Jewish festival lasting eight days from the 25th day of Kislev in December and commemorating the rededication of the Temple in 165 BC by the Maccabees after its desecration by the Syrians The successive kindling of eight lights marks it Only relevant bc kids get presents fuck yeah Dead Sea Scrolls second oldest known surviving manuscripts included in the Hebrew Bible Passover Commemorates the emancipation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt Covenant Is an agreement made between God and the Israelites Tanakh Canon of the Hebrew Bible Torah The center concept of Jewish tradition It is the first 5 books of the 24 book Tanakh Nevi im Second division of the Tanakh contains two groups former prophets and latter prophets Ketuvim third section of the Tanakh writings Talmud central text of rabbinic Judaism made of the Mishnah which is laws of Judaism and the second part is the Gemara which is an explanation or discussion of the first part Mishnah First part of the Talmud list of Jeish laws and rules by Rabbis Zohar Foundational work in Jewish Mystical thought Group of books including a commentary on mystical aspects of the Torah Midrash body of exegesis of Torah texts along with homiletic stories analyzing the Tanakh Abraham first patriarch God promises him to be father of a great people if Abraham does as God asks Moses Egyptian Prince later turned prophet credited with authorship of the Torah Exodus of Egypt Josephus Head of Jewish forces in first roman Jewish war Moses Maimonides Spanish Sephardic Jewish Philosopher prolific torah scholar of middle ages Abraham Geiger German Rabbi who led the founding of Reform Judaism Pittsburg Platform 19TH century document that called for Jews to adopt a modern approach to the practice of their faith Isaac Luria father of contemporary kabbalah Jewish mystic and rabbi Abraham Kook 1st Ashkenazi chief rabbi of the British Mandatory Palestine founder of Yeshiva Mercaz HaRav Kook 70 CE Great Revolt against the Romans Jerusalem Holiest city in Judaism focus and spiritual center of the Jews 586 BCE When the Babylonians destroyed the first temple 1948 CE Israeli Independence massive migration of all Jews to Israel Kabbalah Ancient Wisdom that reveals how the universe and life works Antiochus IV Sacked Jerusalem outlawed Judaism Hasmonean Dynasty Ruling dynasty of Judea First Jewish Roman War the great revolt in 66 CE Essenes Sect of the second temple Judaism that may have seceded from zadokite priests Pharisees Believed that in addition to the Torah there was another Torah that consisted of the corpus and oral laws given to Moses by God which Moses memorized and wrote down Islam Covenant of Medina Pact from Muhammad to the Jews Firstly the Muslims and Jews shall live as one people Secondly each one of the parties shall keep to its own faith and neither shall interfere with that of the other Thirdly in the event of a war with a third party each was bound to come to the assistance of the other provided the latter were the pary aggrieved and not the aggressors Fourthly in the event of an attack on Medina both shall join hands to defend it Fifthly peace when desirable shall be made after consultation with each other Sixthly both shall regard Medina as a sacred all bloodshed being forbidden therein Seventhly Muhammad shall be the final court of appeal in cases of dispute Five Pillars of Islam Testimony of faith prayer giving Zakat Fasting during Ramadan and Pilgrimage to Makkah once in a lifetime Shahadah Islamic Creed declaring belief in oneness of God and acceptance of Muhammad as prophet Zakat Obligatory ordained by Allah to be performed by every adult and able bodied Muslim Hajj the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca mandatory duty once in a lifetime for adult muslims Ramadan 9th Month and muslims worldwide fast for the month One of the five pillars of Islam Tafsir Exegesis usually of the Qur an Sunnah the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad Salat Practice of physical or compulsory prayer in Islam Mustafa Ataturuk Founder of Republic of Turkey The Kaaba Cuboid building at the center of Islam s most sacred mosque wherever they are in the world Muslims are supposed to face the Kaaba The Crusades Attempt by Roman catholic church at conquering Jerusalem and land around it and force feeding Christianity Saladin First sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid Dynasty Wahhabi Movement Branch of Sunni Islam orthodox and ultra conservative It is a reform movement to restore pure monotheistic worship Muhammad Ibn Abd al Wahhab founded Wahhabism or Salafism Preacher from Nejd in Arabia Saudi Arabia Largest Arab state in western Asia Shari ah the moral code and religious law of prophetic religion Surah
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