Indigenous Religions Study Guide Indigenous Native or original Wakan Tanka Great Spirit God of the Bible The Lakota Confederation of tribes in the Black Hills region Dakotas Montana Wyoming Nebraska Visions sweat lodge built over fire where Lakota chant ritual words and self flagellate in order to get in touch with the spirit world Dances often a solution to a problem Lakota dance in order to solve an issue something will happen in your favor if you perform the dance Sun Dance drew people together to solve a problem feat arrange marriages and gain spiritual power for hunters and warriors Banned in 1881 1934 to strip power and avoid coalitions formed by Natives Gather around a sacred tree different spheres of holiness Men pierce their chest muscles women sacrifice flesh personal gifts to benefit the group etc Ghost Dance Wovoka saw dance in vision Dance recalls ancestors back to land and restores animals and trees that have died or been hunted The army of ghosts and Jesus will fight with them Wear ghost shirts because they believe they are bullet proof Wovoka a western Nevada area prophet Wounded Knee located on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota was the site of two conflicts between North American Indians and representatives of the U S government Syncretism combination of more than one religion Main Ideas What is problematic about the category of Indigenous Religions Many religions are lumped together under the Indigenous Religion category because white people have controlled and exploited these groups of people It was their responsibility to bring these savage people to civilization because they were considered savage primitive and superstitious Know some of the basics of Lakota religion Formed in defense of white people Christian didn t own land or understand concept of private property Sun Dance and Ghost Dance How were Lakota religious practices intertwined with the 19th century political context Defeated by military children forced to go to public schools coerced into adopting Christianity and banning the Sun Dance and the use of medicine men Islam Study Guide Hanifs true native monotheists pious one Ka ba and pilgrimage cubed building in a Mecca held goddesses and gods believed to be built by Abraham and Ishmael Abraham Father of Ishmael Ishmael Son of Abraham with Hagar the maid servant Mecca Muhammad s hometown pilgrimage site Muhammad founder of Islam God s last prophet Judgment Day time when Allah decides who has been righteous and who hasnt Hijrah migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers Medina Arabic word for the city of the prophet new name for the city of Yathrib Ramadan worldwide observe this as a month of fasting that one of the Five Pillars of Islam Fasting lasts from day break to sundown and you must abstain from food drink sex etc Qur an scripture revealed to Muhammad Surah a chapter of the Qur an Prophet a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God Allah Arabic word for God Sunni and sunnah Abu Bakr the prophet s adviser to become the first successor or caliph to lead the Muslim state Shi a favored Ali Muhammad s cousin and son in law Ali and his successors are called imams who not only lead the Shiites but are considered to be descendants of Muhammad Imam imam worship leader of a mosque and Muslim community by Sunni Muslims Mosque a Muslim place of worship Abu Bakr served as a trusted advisor and was the father in law to Muhammad Ali Son in law to Muhammad Sufi mystic sect of Islam Mysticism a constellation of distinctive practices discourses texts institutions traditions and experiences aimed at human transformation variously defined in different traditions Al Hallaj legendary Iranian Sufi master who lived in between 858 922 AD Arabic the Semitic language of the Arabs spoken by some 150 million people throughout the Middle East and North Africa Shahadah confessions of faith Salat obligatory prayer for all muslims five times daily Zakat alms giving 1 What was the Arabian religious climate in Muhammad s day Which elements were incorporated into Islam and which were changed There were many religious feuds in which Muhammad mediated and successfully integrated several tribes included a community of Jews Yom Kippur and praying facing the motherland are both practices Muslims gained from jews Ramadan eventually replaces Yom Kippur 2 Muhammad is rejected in Mecca but received in Medina for certain social reasons 3 Despite both being Abrahamic traditions Islam and Judaism remained distinct religions 4 At Muhammad s death a schism develops Why and what are the two branches Sunni Islam Shiite Shi a Islam 6 Know the Five Pillars 5 The major themes of the Qur an express how Islam is similar to but also distinct from the other two Abrahamic religions Judaism and Christianity 1 Shahdah confession of faith 2 Salat obligatory prayers for all Muslims five times daily 3 Zakat alms giving 4 Ramadan fast for one month from day break to sundown and abstain from alcoholic drinks sex etc 5 Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca which imitates Muhammad s own journey to Mecca
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