Muhammad Founder of Islam Mecca Prophet Center of Islam spiritually where kabbah is Where Muhammad was born Khadijah Widowed woman who marries Mohammad Restorationism Main theme in Qur an Strict monotheism Main theme in Qur an Social ethics Main theme in Qur an Hijra First year of Islamic calendar Islamic calendar Different than regular calendar Began in 622 when mohammad received visions Medina first muslim commonwealth Battle of Badr Mecca vs Muhammad o Muhammad had God on his side so they won o Gave muhammad s new religion more power Post battle Mecca converts to Islamic state Shia Muslims Minority Wanted Mohammeds son Ali to be successor of Mohammad o Blood related Ali Blood relative of Muhammed His son leader of the Shi a muslims Sunni Muslims Majority of muslims in world Want successor to be Abu Bakar o Not blood related Abu Bakr Friend of Muhammad o Father in law actually Leader of the Sunni Muslims Quran Given to Muhammed in revelations over the years through an angel Islam s sacred text Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Religious and political leader in Muslim community Period of rapid expansion for islam Supplemental Islamic text focuses on how to live your life Supplemental text to Quran collection of Muhammad s sayings Sunnah Hadith Shar ia The legal code Muslims abide by o Derived from Qur an Sunnah and Hadith o Government laws in Lebanon and Pakistan Culture of Islam spread and flowered in art science navigation and Abbasid Caliphate astronomy Jews and Christians as Dhimmi Muslims gave Jews Christians more authority Don t have to follow muslim law in muslim countries Dhimmi people of the book Allowed to rule themselves Sufism Form of Islamic mysticism Dhikr sufi tradition reciting the name of God allah over and over and over while twirling Shaykhs Sufi leaders considered saints after death Jalal al Din Rumi Famous Sufi Saykh wrote poetr Muhammad Ibn Abd al Wahhab Founder of Wahhabist Islam Wahhabism More conservative sect of Islam Restorationist movement Strict adhereance to Quran Saudi Arabia Wahhabi state Ottoman Caliphate Last caliphate Collapses after WWI Shahadah Declaration of faith Salat Prayer five times a day towards mecca Muezzin Person who calls the prayer Azan Call to prayer Mihrab Indicates the direction of mecca Zakat Almsgiving Sawm Fasting Ramadan Period of fasting from sun up to sun down Hajj Pilgrimage to mecca Malcolm X pre Hajj and post Hajj Pre Hajj o Segregationist Post Hajj o Integration is possible ONLY under islam Nation of Islam Segregationist Believe that the vices of the white man keep blacks down o Drugs alcohol promiscuity Religio political movement W D Fard Founder of Nation of Islam Elijah Muhammad Influenced Nation of Islam Took over after Fard Warith Deen Mohammad Took over After Elijah Mohammad o Son Changed the name to American Society of Muslims o Abandoned social critiques that his father liked American Society of Muslims New and improved version of Nation of Islam Less social critique Global Islam demographics Muslim doesn t mean Arab Majority of Muslims live in South Asia Islam in the United States demographics Nonwhites southeast Asians In US African American and Asian Muslims o Arab doesn t mean Muslim First Muslims in the Americas Estevanico First muslim in north America He was a explorer on the Cabeza de Vaca s ship o He was a moor Muslim slaves Literate which made slaveowners think they were smarter Appointed as overseers and got better jobs Abdul Rahman African royalty who was forced to be a slave in US Famous muslim slave Euro American converts Alexander Russell Webb o Converted to islam o One of the first white converts to Islam Early immigrant Muslims Came from Levant region Levant Where Early immigrant muslims were immigrating from Heart of middle east Cedar Rapids Iowa Mother Mosque Where mother mosque is located 1st building in the US built to be a mosque still around very sentimental for US muslims African American Muslims Founded the Moorish Science Temple before Nation of Islam Moorish Science Temple Precursor to Nation of Islam Predominantly black Muslims in US o Founded by Drew Ali Noble Drew Ali Circle 7 Quran Founder of Moorish Science Temple Text for the Moorish Science Temple Post 9 11 challenges for American Muslims Challenge to be understood accepted Beaten and discriminated against o Persecuted and harassed Orientalism Skewed historical lens to make people of the Middle East appear different and threatening o Makes the Middle East look like a timeless place where everything is still medieval Historical Jesus He didn t write anything down himself Trained in torah o Jewish Early jesus followers called him Rabbi People thought he was a Pharisee Don t know much about his life until ministry in 30s John the Baptist Christian Gospels Mark written the earliest Matthew and Luke took some from Mark and Some from Q source Canon Source issue some are left out Inclusion and exclusion of religious texts whats considered legitimate texts Q Source extra source scholars believe Mat and Luke used to write gospels q quelle source Philosophy of Jesus Concern for inner integrity Alternatives to retaliation Aimed at the poor and marginalized Paul Christianity Jewish Christian Sects Council of Jerusalem Roman jew who had an awakening and became a proponent of Issue of who could become Christian Discussion of how jewish you have to be to become Chrsitian o If you have to be circumcised or not Paul didn t want circumcision James is in favor Came up with different rules so that more people could become Christian Gospel of Thomas Shows Jesus in a different light o Says things like all men must become women before coming Gnostic text Not in the bible to Christ Talks about Jesus and knowledge Roman Empire Catholic Church Catholicism grows under Constantine Ideas unique to Catholicism o Transubstantiation o The pope being God s rep on earth o 7 sacraments confirmation marriage confession baptism communion eucharist vows becoming a priest last rites Protestant Reformation Original goal reform catholic church NOT separate What leads to spread of reform o Economic changes capitalism Money and trade spread easier o Political changes Identity of country before religion Catholic Reformation Pope John 23rd o Gets rid of latin mass now in native tongue o Priests now face congregation instead of backs to them Pope Pius IX Wanted to restore authority of Pope He declared the pope was infallible and cant be wrong Second Vatican Council Pope John
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