Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 Learning Objectives for 3 3 3 19 Chapter 7 Mood Disorders and Suicide Readings for this chapter include all topics in chapter 7 1 Know all KEY TERMS in chapter 7 These are the boldfaced terms found throughout the chapter and listed at end of chapter Definitions for most of these terms also can be found in the Glossary in the back of the textbook o Bipolar disorder disorder marked by cycles between manic episodes and depressive episodes also called manic depression o Mania state of persistently elevated mood feelings of grandiosity over enthusiasm racing thoughts rapid speech and impulsive actions o Depression state marked by either a sad mood or a loss of interest in one s usual activities as well as feelings of hopelessness suicidal ideation psychomotor agitation or retardation and trouble concentrating o Depressive disorders a set of disorders characterized by depressed mood and or anhedonia and not mania o Major depressive disorders disorder involving a sad mood or anhedonia plus four or more of the following symptoms weight loss or a decrease in appetite insomnia or hypersomnia psychomotor agitation or retardation fatigue feelings or worthlessness or severe guilt trouble concentrating and suicidal ideation these symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks and must produce marked impairments in normal functioning o Seasonal affective disorder SAD disorder identified by a 2 year period in which a person experiences major depression during winter months and then recovers fully during the summer some people with this disorder also experience mild mania during summer months o Premenstrual dysphoric disorder a set of symptoms occurring immediately prior to onset of menses characterized by a mixture of depression anxiety and tension and irritability and anger may occur in mood swings during the weeks before onset of menses and subside once menses has begun o Bipolar I disorder form of bipolar disorder in which the full symptoms of mania are experienced depressive aspects may be more infrequent or mild o Bipolar II disorder form of bipolar disorder in which the full symptoms of mania are experienced and the depressive component is more pronounced o Hypomania state in which an individual shows mild symptoms of mania Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 o Cyclothymic disorder milder but more chronic form of bipolar disorder that consists of alteration between hypomanic episodes and mild depressive episodes over a period of at least 2 years o Rapid cycling bipolar I disorder diagnosis given when a person has four or more cycles of mania and depression in one year o Disruptive mood deregulations disorder a disorder in children characterized by immature and inappropriate temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to a situation in intensity and duration o Monoamines neurotransmitters including catecholamine epinephrine Norepinephrine and dopamine and serotonin that have been implicated to the mood disorders o Norepinephrine neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of o Serotonin neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood and mood impulsive response o Dopamine neurotransmitter in the brain excess amounts of which have been thought to cause schizophrenia o Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis HPA axis three key components of the neuroendocrine system that work together in a feedback system interconnected with the limbic system and the cerebral cortex o Behavioral theories of depression theories that view depression as resulting for negative life events that represent a reduction in positive reinforcement sympathetic responses to depressive behavior then serve as a positive reinforcement of the depression itself o Learned helplessness theory view that exposure to uncontrollable negative events leads to a belief in one s inability to control important outcomes and a subsequent loss of motivation indecisiveness and failure of action o Negative cognitive triad perspective seen in depressed people in which they have negative views of themselves of the world and of the future o Reformulated learned helplessness theory view that people who attribute negative events to internal stable and global causes are more likely than other people to experience learned helplessness deficits following such events and thus are predisposed to depression o Rumination focusing on one s personal concerns and feelings of distress repetitively and passively o Interpersonal theories of depression theories that view the causes of depression as rooted in interpersonal relationships o Rejection sensitivity tendency to be hyper vigilant and overactive to signs of rejection from others Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 o Cohort effect effect that occurs when people born in one historical period are at different risk for a disorder than people born in another historical period o Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs class on antidepressant drug o Selective serotonin Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs drugs that affect both serotonin systems and the Norepinephrine system and are used to treat anxiety and depression o Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor drugs used to treat depression inhibit the reuptake of both Norepinephrine and dopamine o Tricyclic antidepressants class of antidepressant drugs o Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs class of antidepressant drugs o Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation biological treatment that exposes patients to repeated high intensity magnetic pulses that are focused on particular brain structures in order to stimulate those structures o Vagus nerve stimulation treatment in which the vagus nerve is stimulated by a small electronic device much like a cardiac pacemaker which is surgically implanted under a patient s skin in the left chest wall o Deep brain stimulation procedure to treat depression in which electrodes are surgically implanted in a specific areas of the brain and connected to a pulse generated that is placed under the skin and stimulates areas of the brain o Light therapy treatment for seasonal affective disorder that involves exposure to bright lights during the winter months o Behavioral therapy psychotherapeutic approaches that focus on identifying the reinforcements and punishments contributing to a person s maladaptive behaviors and on changing specific behaviors o Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy ISRT treatment for people with bipolar disorder that helps them
View Full Document
Unlocking...