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CLP4143 Exam 3 Fear and Anxiety Fight or flight response the features of arousal and fear are set in motion by the hypothalamus o Involves Sympathetic Nervous System Endocrine system o Occurs in the presence of a stressor e g tiger Anxiety vs fear Adaptive vs Maladaptive o Three questions we ask ourselves to determine Are concerns realistic given the circumstances Does the concern persist in the absence of the threat Is the amount of fear in proportion to the threat Cued vs uncued o Cued evoked e g animal is coming after you to eat you class presentation o Uncued out of the blue e g while sleeping peacefully At least two necessary for diagnosis of Panic Disorder Panic Attack o discrete period peaks within 10 minutes of intense fear o can occur within the context of any disorder or no disorder Panic Disorder recurrent uncued panic attacks plus o Worry about additional attacks o Worry about what the attacks mean o A significant change in behavior Can have panic attacks without panic disorder but can t have panic disorder without panic attacks Prevalence of Panic Disorder o Lifetime prevalence rate between 3 5 o More common in women than in menFirst time people experience panic attacks they often go to the ER to be treated for heart attack Biological explanations for PD o Genetics o Neurotransmitters associated with higher levels of norepinephrine higher levels of circulating adrenaline o Neuroimagining studies differences in limbic system a hypothalamus o Individuals with PD pay close attention to bodily sensations physiological changes e g increasing heart rate o Catastrophic interpretations often take the form of Anxiety Sensitivity amygdala Cognitive theories for PD symptoms o Snowballing Anxiety Sensitivity AS 1 CLP4143 Exam 3 o Fear of anxiety related physical sensations may believe they are at higher risk for heart attack o Due to the belief that these sensations may have harmful somatic psychological or social consequences o Is a risk factor for anxiety problems Elevated in those with anxiety disorders Linked to the development of PD Safety behaviors actions to avoid or reduce anxiety provoking situations o Ex you fear going into a crowded grocery store alone so you do it with a friend you do it and find a way to deal with it o Maintain fear by False attribution of safety Avoidance of disconfirming evidence get evidence that they can panic and won t die when in grocery store alone Negative reinforcement negative stimulus removed Ex Take Advil for a headache headache goes away strengthens the likelihood reinforces that you will take Advil again Biological treatments for PD o Tricyclic antidepressants Imipramine o SSRIs Prozac Paxil Zoloft Celexa atc o SNRIs Effexor o Benzodiazepines Xanax Valium Psychological treatments for PD o Cognitive behavioral therapy 1 Cognitive restructuring 2 Exposure of some kind Exposure alters maladaptive fear anxiety habituation to anxiety provides evidence against maladaptive thoughts interoceptive exposure target physical cues that people are afraid of e g shortness of breath have patient breathe into a bag inhibits their breathing for some time and realize they are not going to die o Relaxation exercises Agoraphobia o Fear of the market place in Greek o Associated with PD Specific phobias key features Avoid situations in which escape is difficult or help not available o Excessive or unreasonable fears cued by a specific object or situation o Person recognizes fear is excessive or unreasonable not necessary for kids 2 CLP4143 Exam 3 o Avoidance OR intense anxiety and distress in situation Specific phobia vs everyday fear o Fear is a natural part of childhood that tends to decrease with age o Specific phobias may be adaptive fears expressed in a maladaptive manner Four categories of specific phobias o Animal type o Natural environment type o Situational type Specific situations Specific animals or insects Snake phobias are most common in the US Events or situations in the natural environment o Blood Injection Injury type seeing blood or an injury or receiving an injection Specific phobia prevalence rate o 11 lifetime prevalence rate o Extremely treatable Behavioral theory for specific phobias o Evolutionary o Classical Conditioning Watson Treatments for specific phobias o Exposure therapy Social Anxiety Disorder Key features of SAD Demonstrated how phobias could be conditioned Little Albert Experiment he was conditioned to fear the mouse Flooding start with most intense stimulus Systematic Desensitization client is gradually exposed to the stimuli o Fear of embarrassment negative evaluation humiliation in social situations o Tends to interrupt daily life generalized type o Fear is excessive unreasonable AND they are able to recognize that it is excessive o Avoidance of or intense distress in social situations avoid going to parties going to or participating in class OR just go through them but with very serious distress Social anxiety vs shyness Prevalence and course of SAD o Prevalence rate up to 10 of population o Course Cognitive theories o Exaggerated likelihood of negative evaluation ex If I stumble on my words people will think I m dumb 3 CLP4143 Exam 3 o Exaggerated costs consequences of negative evaluations ex and they won t want to be friends with me o People think that their nervousness will be apparent and that it will have an impact on their lives o Attentional bias towards self in social situations individuals are more focused on themselves during a conversation don t pay attention to the other person and their cues Treatment o Exposure therapy Gradual exposure gradually increase anxiety Wait for habituation Flooding expose to situation that causes major anxiety Reduce over preparation Reduce alcohol drug use Social skills training practice eye contact common conversations More likely to be delivered in group settings exposes exposure and interaction Trauma Disorders Key features of PTSD o Traumatic event s plus Re experiencing of the traumatic event Avoidance of situations or memories associated with the event Negative changes in thoughts and emotions since the event Excessive physiological arousal ex Insomnia for more than one month consecutively Acute Stress Disorder diagnostic criteria essentially identical to PTSD BUT Proximity how close you were to the event when it occurred Just world hypothesis Pre existing distress anxiety depression Coping styles social isolation substance use PTSD vulnerability o Symptoms last 28 days


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FSU CLP 4143 - Fear and Anxiety

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Exam 1

Exam 1

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Exam 3

Exam 3

8 pages

Notes

Notes

18 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

10 pages

Notes

Notes

12 pages

Test 1

Test 1

13 pages

Test 1

Test 1

10 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

7 pages

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

27 pages

Anxiety

Anxiety

23 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

17 pages

Test 3

Test 3

13 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

36 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

31 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

16 pages

Final SG

Final SG

19 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

13 pages

Suicide

Suicide

20 pages

Suicide

Suicide

25 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

107 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

2 pages

Notes

Notes

23 pages

Notes

Notes

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Notes

Notes

5 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Notes

Notes

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Notes

Notes

2 pages

Notes

Notes

7 pages

Notes

Notes

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Exam 2

Exam 2

6 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Notes

Notes

3 pages

Notes

Notes

4 pages

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