1 A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning AND a response that is not typical or culturally expected a Psychological Disorder 2 How does deviant behavior differ from abnormal behavior a Deviant behavior defies societal norms like the act of delinquency and crime b Abnormal behavior causes internal distress or a problem in functioning and requires a culturally atypical response 3 Why is it necessary to specifically define abnormal forms of behavior a Safety issues and research 4 What did Rosenhan s study on psychological disorders focus on a Being sane in insane places b Study aimed to test whether perception of mental disorder was determined by environment 5 What was the ironic thing about Rosenhan s results And what did it interpret a That the real patients often detected sanity not the doctors b Interpreted that psychiatrists tend to make Type II errors more likely to find an effect where there is none e g find the sane to be insane 6 What was Galen s biological perspective on psychological disorders a That the balance of humors bodily fluids influenced brain function b Each humor originated in different organs i Blood heart ii Black bile spleen iii Phlegm brain iv Yellow bile liver 7 What was so significant about John P Grey and what did his actions lead to a He improved hospital conditions for the mentally ill b Led to deinstitutionalization policy to release patients to community and resulted in homelessness as a side effect 8 Who founded the tradition of classifying mental disorders by symptoms on set course and etiology cause a Emil Kraepelin a Sigmund Freud 9 Who was the main figure behind the psychoanalytic theory 10 What were the basics of the psychoanalytic theory a Two minds conscious vs unconscious b Drives or instincts Sexual instinct drive death instinct drive c Structures of the mind Id Ego and Superego d Psychosexual Stages of Development 11 Where is the root of all neuroses non psychotic illness a Unconscious mind 12 Which structure of the mind is the voice of reason 13 Which structure of the mind is the source of instincts drives and is the primitive a Ego part of the mind Id a 14 The superego is known as what a The conscience of moral code 15 The psychosexual stages of development of the psychoanalytic theory consist of what And what do they represent a Oral Anal Phallic Latency and Genital b Represent source of pleasure 16 What is the issue when it comes to the stages of development a Unsuccessful passage fixation neurotic character 17 Carl Rogers is known for what theory And what is its premise a The Humanistic Theory b People strive for self growth or self actualization 18 Behavioral approach is in contrast to what a The biological and psychoanalytic theories 19 Who used Pavlovian learning principles to treat phobias a Joseph Wolpe 20 When it comes to understanding psychopathology two approaches are a Unidimensional and Multidimensional 21 Multidimensional approach consists of which five areas of functioning a Biological influences hormones genes neurotransmitters b Behavioral influences reinforcements conditioning c Emotional influences attachments hormones affect emotions d Social influences SES institutions relationships w others e Developmental influences maturation cultural expectation around puberty 22 The Central Nervous System CNS consists of a Brain and spinal cord 23 What do neurons or nerve cells use to communicate a Neurotransmitters 24 The brain is divided into how many areas What are they what are their functions automatic functions breathing coordinate movement cerebral cortex allows forethought 25 Which part of the brain contains the medulla pons and cerebellum 26 The amygdala is in what area of the brain a 3 b Hindbrain c Midbrain d Forebrain a Hindbrain a Midbrain 27 The Peripheral Nervous System PNS contains what And which controls muscles a Somatic Nervous System controls muscles b Automatic Nervous System 28 The Automatic nervous system is responsible for what a Regulating major organ system 29 The Sympathetic Parasympathetic nervous system are subclasses of what 30 What does the sympathetic nervous system control Parasympathetic system a Automatic Nervous System a Fight flight activation b Brings back to resting state 31 Which neurotransmitter is known to regulate behavior mood and thought a Serotonin 32 Drugs acting on Serotonin 5 HT are used to treat what a Mood and Anxiety disorders 33 Gamma aminobutyric acid GABA is known for a Being a major inhibitory neurotransmitter b Reducing anxiety 34 Regulation of the endocrine system is from 35 What is a major neurotransmitter in the reward circuit of the brain a Norepinephrine a Dopamine DA 36 Martin Seligman suggested what after his discovery of learned helplessness in rats a That human depression might result from the similar process of having depression like responses when faced with stress that is out of our control 37 Modeling and observational learning is a part of what theory by Albert Bandura a Social Learning 38 What is the concept of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT Who developed it a That depressed people have negative thoughts attributes treat by replacing faulty thoughts with appropriate and healthy ones 39 The tendency to behave in a certain way given an external event and a feeling state accompanied by a possible characteristic psychological response b Aaron Beck a Emotion 40 What is the difference between an emotion and a mood a Emotion is a short term state fear happy b Mood is a persistent emotion depression 41 What is affect a Momentary emotional tone that accompanies what we say or do in a given 42 Notion that there may be a number of pathways to a particular outcome Ex Cause point in time b Appropriate affect vs inappropriate affect A and Cause B both lead to the same Outcome C a Equifinality 43 When assessing clients what 3 concepts are used to determine the value a Reliability Validity and Standardization 44 When the degree to which a technique measures what it is designed to measure it is considered a Valid 45 When the degree to which a measurement is consistent it is considered a Reliable 46 Standardization takes place when a Application of certain standards to ensure consistency across different 47 What is the most common clinical assessment method measurements a Clinical Interview 48 What are the two types of behavioral assessments a Informal clinician notes observations about behavior b Formal ABC
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