Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 falsLearning Objectives for 4 2 4 9 Chapter 8 Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Disorders Readings for this chapter include all topics in chapter 8 1 Know all KEY TERMS in chapter 8 These are the boldfaced terms found throughout the chapter and listed at end of chapter Definitions for most of these terms also can be found in the Glossary in the back of the textbook o Psychosis state involving a loss of contact with reality as well as inability to differentiate between reality and one s subjective state o Schizophrenia disorder consisting of unreal or disorganized thoughts and perceptions as well as verbal cognitive and behavioral deficits o Schizophrenia spectrum the set of psychiatric disorders related to schizophrenia o Positive symptoms in schizophrenia hallucinations delusions and disorganization that vary along a severity continuum in thought and behavior o Delusions fixed beliefs with no basis in reality o Persecutory delusions false persistent beliefs that one is being perused by other o Delusions of reference false belief that external events such as other people s o Grandiose delusions false persistent beliefs that one has superior talents and o Delusions of thought insertion beliefs that one s thoughts are being controlled by people actions traits outside forces o Hallucinations perceptual experiences that are not real o Formal thought disorder state of highly disorganized thinking also known as loosening of associations o Catatonia group of disorganized behaviors that reflect an extreme lack of responsiveness to the outside world o Negative symptoms in schizophrenia deficits in functioning that indicate the absence of a capacity present in people without schizophrenia such as restricted affect o Restricted affect a symptom in which emotional expression is reduced or absent o Avolition inability to persist at common goal directed activities o Prodromal symptoms in schizophrenia milder symptoms prior to an acute phase of the disorder during which behaviors are unusual and peculiar but not yet psychotic or completely disorganized o Residual symptoms diagnosis made when a person has already experienced a single acute phase of schizophrenia but currently has milder and less debilitating symptoms Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 o Schizoaffective disorder disorder in which individuals simultaneously experience schizophrenic symptoms i e delusions hallucinations disorganized speech and behaviors and or negative symptoms and mood symptoms meeting the criteria for a major depressive episode a manic episode or an episode of mixed mania depression o Schizophreniform disorder disorder in which individuals meet the primary criteria for schizophrenia but show symptoms lasting only 1 to 6 months o Brief psychotic disorder disorder characterized by the sudden onset of delusions hallucinations disorganized speech and or disorganized behavior that last only between 1 day and 1 month after which the symptoms vanish completely o Delusional disorder disorder characterized by delusions lasting at least 1 month regarding situations that occur in real life such as being followed poisoned or deceived by a spouse or having a disease people with this disorder do not show any other symptoms of schizophrenia o Schizotypal personality disorder chronic pattern of inhibited or inappropriate emotion and social behavior as well as aberrant cognitions and disorganized speech o Phenothiazines drugs that reduce the functional level of dopamine in the brain and tend to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia o Neuroleptics drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms o Mesolimbic pathway subcortical part of the brain involved in cognition and emotion o Social drift explanation for the association between schizophrenia and low social stats that says that because schizophrenia symptoms interfere with a person s ability to complete an education and hold a job people with schizophrenia tend to drift downward in social class compared to their family of origin o Expressed emotion family interaction style in which families are over involved with each other are over protective of the disturbed family member voice self sacrificing attitudes to the disturbed family member and simultaneously are critical hostile and resentful of this member o Chlorpromazine antipsychotic drug o Tardive dyskinesia neurological disorder marked by involuntary movements of the tongue face mouth or jaw resulting from taking neuroleptic drugs o Atypical antipsychotics drugs that seem to be even more effective in treating schizophrenia than Phenothiazines without the same neurological side effects they bind to a different type of dopamine receptor than other neuroleptic drugs o Assertive community treatment programs system of treatment that provides comprehensive services to people with schizophrenia employing the expertise of medial professionals social works and psychologists to meet the variety of patient s need 24 hours a day 2 What is the prevalence of schizophrenia and how does it vary by gender and ethnicity lecture textbook Estimates of the prevalence of schizophrenia in various countries range Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 from about 0 1 to 2 0 percent but most estimates are between 0 5 and 1 o percent There are some slight ethnic differences in rate of schizophrenia but these may be due to differences in socioeconomic status Women with schizophrenia tend to have a better prognosis than men with the disorder The reasons for these gender differences are not entirely clear Women diagnosed with schizophrenia tend to have a better prior histories than men They are more likely to have graduated from high school or college to have married and had children and to have developed good social skills This may be in part because the onset schizophrenia in women tends to be in the late twenties or early thirties whereas men more often develop schizophrenia in their late teens or early twenties Culture appears to play a strong role in the course of schizophrenia Cross national studies find that persons who develop schizophrenia in countries such as India Nigeria and Colombia are less disabled by the disorder in the long term than are persons who develop schizophrenia in countries such as Great Britain Denmark and the United States 3 What are the primary symptoms of schizophrenia How are positive and negative symptoms different lecture textbook People with schizophrenia may show all or just some
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