Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 Learning Objectives for 3 21 28 Chapter 14 Substance Related Disorders 1 Know the KEY TERMS in chapter 14 These are the boldfaced terms found throughout the chapter and listed at end of chapter Definitions for most of these terms also can be found in the Glossary in the back of the textbook Substance use disorders disorder characterized by inability to use a substance in moderation and or the intentional use of a substance to change one s thoughts feelings and or behaviors leading to impairment in work academic or social endeavors Gambling disorder a disorder similar to substance abuse characterized by the inability to resist the impulse to gamble Substance naturally occurring or synthetically produced product that alters perceptions thoughts emotions and behaviors when ingested smoked or injected Substance intoxication experience of significantly maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system that develops during or shortly after use of the substance Substance withdrawal experience of clinically significant distress in social occupational or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or reduction of substance use Substance abuse diagnosis given in the DSM IV when a person s recurrent substance use leads to significant harmful consequences as manifested by a failure to fulfill obligations at work school or home the use of substances in physically hazardous situations legal problems and continued use despite social and legal problems Substance dependence diagnosis given in the DSM IV when a person s substance use leads to physiological dependence or significant impairment or distress as manifested by an inability to use the substance in moderation a decline in social occupational or recreational activities or the spending of large amounts of time obtaining substances or recovering from their effects Tolerance condition of experiencing less and less effect from the same dose of a substance Depressants drugs that slow the nervous system Delirium tremens DTs symptoms that result during severe alcohol withdrawal including hallucinations delusions agitation and disorientation Benzodiazepines drugs that reduce anxiety and insomnia Barbiturates drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia that work by suppressing the central nervous system and decreasing the activity levels of certain neurons Stimulants drugs that activate the nervous system Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 Cocaine central nervous system stimulant that causes a rush of positive feelings initially but can lead to impulsiveness agitation and anxiety and can cause withdrawal symptoms of exhaustion and depression Amphetamines stimulant drugs that can produce symptoms of euphoria self confidence alertness agitation paranoia perceptual illusions and depression Nicotine alkaloid found in tobacco operates on both the central and peripheral nervous systems resulting in the release of biochemicals including dopamine Norepinephrine serotonin and the endogenous opioids Caffeine chemical compound with stimulant effects Opioids substances including morphine and heroin that produce euphoria followed by a tranquil state in severe intoxication can lead to unconsciousness coma and seizures can cause withdrawal symptoms of emotional distress severe nausea sweating diarrhea and fever Hallucinogens substances including LSD and MDMA ecstasy that produce perceptual illusions and distortions even in small doses Phencyclidine PCP substance that produces euphoria slowed reaction times and involuntary movements at low doses disorganized thinking feelings or unreality and hostility at intermediate doses and amnesia analgesia respiratory problems and changes in body temperature at high doses Cannabis substance that causes feeling of well being perceptual distortions and paranoid thinking Inhalants solvents such as gasoline glue or paint thinner that one inhales to produce a high and that can cause permanent central nervous system damage as well as liver and kidney disease Antagonist drugs drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug reducing desire for the drug Methadone opioid that is less potent and longer lasting than heroin taken by heroin users to decrease their cravings and help them cope with negative withdrawal symptoms Motivational interviewing intervention for sufferers of substance use disorders to elicit and solidify individuals motivation and commitment to changing their substance use rather than confronting the user the motivational interviewer adopts an empathic interaction style drawing out the user s own statements of desire ability reasons need and ultimately commitment for change Abstinence violation effect what happens when a person attempting to abstain from alcohol use ingests alcohol and then endures conflict and guilt by making an internal attribution to explain why he or she drank thereby making him or her more likely to continue drinking in order to cope with the self blame and guilt Relapse prevention programs treatments that seek to offset continued alcohol use by identifying high risk situations and global cause are more likely than other people to experience learned helplessness deficits following such events and thus are predisposed Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 Spring 2014 Alcoholics Anonymous AA an organization created by and for people with alcoholism involving a 12 step program Harm reduction model approach to treating substance use disorders that views alcohol use as normative behavior and focus education on the immediate risks of the excessive use of alcohol such as alcohol related accidents and on the payoffs of moderations such as avoidance of hangovers 2 With regards to Substance Use Disorders what is a substance lecture textbook A substance is any natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects The five groups of substances most often leading to substance disorders are 1 central nervous system depressants including alcohol barbiturates benzodiazepines and inhalants 2 central nervous system stimulants including cocaine amphetamines nicotine and caffeine 30 opioids 4 hallucinogens and phencyclidine and 5 cannabis 3 What is the prevalence of substance use by age gender and culture lecture textbook Men may have more risk factors for substance use than women and women may be more sensitive to the negative consequences use than men 4 Be able to define and distinguish amongst
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