Section 4 – Topic VIII: What are Schizophrenic Disorders, their causes and treatments?1) Know all KEY TERMS.14) Know all KEY TERMS on the assigned pages. You are not responsible for other key terms in this chapter.EXAM 4 ABNORMAL PSYCHLearning Objectives forSection 4 – Topic VIII: What are Schizophrenic Disorders, their causes and treatments?(Readings for this topic include all of Chapter 13)1) Know all KEY TERMS.Prodromal Phase- precedes the active phase and is marked by an obvious deterioration in rolefunctioning as a student, employee, or homemaker,etcResidual Phase- follows the active phase of schizo and is defined by signs and symptoms that are similar in many respect to those in the prodromal phase. Most dramatic symptoms include impoverished expression of emotionsPositive Symptoms- AKA psychotic symptoms include hallucinations and delusionsCharacterized by the presence of an aberrant response (hearing voice that is notthere)Hallucinations- sensory experiences that are not caused by actual external stimuliMost often auditoryDelusions- idiosyncratic beliefs that are rigidly held in spite of their nature. False beliefsbased on incorrect inferences about reality Negative symptoms- include lack of initiative, social withdrawal, and deficits in emotionalresponding. Characterized by absence of responseBlunted Affect- AKA affective flattening, one of the most common symptoms involvesa flattening or restriction of the person’s nonverbal display of emotionalresponses. Fail to show emotionAnhedonia- emotional deficit which refers to the inability to experience pleasure. Lack of positive subjective feelings. People lose interest in activities and relationshipsAvolition- the withdrawal seen among many schizo patients is accompanied by indecisiveness, ambivalence, and loss of willpower. Person stops working towards personal goals or to function independentlyAlogia- form of speech disturbance which refers to impoverished thinking. AKA speechlessnessDisorganized Speech- involves the tendency of some patients to say things that don’t make sense. Making irrelevant responses to questions, expressing disconnected ideasAKA thought disorderInappropriate Affect- involves affective responses that are obvi inconsistent with the person’ssituation. Incongruity and lack of adaptability in emotional expressionCatatonic type- characterized by symptoms of motor immobility (rigidity and posturing) or excessive and purposeless motor activity. Decreased awareness of environmentDisorganized type- characterized by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and flat orinappropriate affect. All 3 must be present for diagnosisParanoid type- systematic delusions with grandiose content. Preoccupation with frequentauditory hallucinations Undifferentiated type- includes patients who display prominent psychotic symptoms and eithermeet the criteria for several subtypes or do not meet any of the subtypesResidual Type- includes patients who no longer meet the criteria for active phase symptoms butdemonstrate continued signs of negative symptoms or attenuated forms of delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech. Partial remissionSchizoaffective Disorder- an ambiguous and somewhat controversial category. Describessymptoms of patients who fall b/t schizo and mood disorder with psychotic featuresDelusional Disorder- people do not meet the full criteria for schizo but they are preoccupiedfor at least 1 month with delusions that are not bizarre. Beliefs about situations that could occur in real lifeBrief Psychotic Disorder- category that includes those people who exhibit psychotic symptoms(delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behaviors) for at least 1 day but no more than 1 month. Typically followed by confusion and emotionalturmoilExpressed Emotion (EE)-concept that refers to a collection of negative or intrusive attitudessometimes displayed by relatives of patients who are being treated for a disorder If at least one of the patient’s relatives is hostile, critical, or emotionally over-involved the family environment typically is considered high in express emotionVulnerability Marker-a specific measure that might be useful in identifying people who arevulnerable to disorder such as schizo (tests, exams, etc)Antipsychotic Drugs- effect is to reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms2) What are the general characteristics of schizophrenia? What is its impact on patients, their families, and society? What are the 3 phases of schizophrenia? (Ch 13: 6th ED pg 394-397; Custom pg 458-461)*The common symptoms of schizo include changes in the way a person thinks, feels, and relatedto other people and the outside world. Often defined by various combos of psychotic symptomsin the absence of other forms of disturbance such as mood disorders, substance dependence, and dementia. *Devastating disorder for both patients and families. Disrupt aspects of life well beyond the psychotic symptoms. For people who develop schizo, if often has dramatic and lasting impact ontheir quality of life, in terms of their own subjective satistication and their ability to get an education, hold a job, and develop social relationships. 10% commit suicide *For family members, the consequences can be cruel. Most come to grips with the fact that their son/daughter/bro/sister has severe disorder and must change life forever. Shock/devastation *In society, schizo is the 2nd leading cause of disease burden. Most people never recovercompletely and many become homeless because help is not available. Indirect costs to society include loss of productivity and unemployment. In US, financial costs associated with schizo were $63 billion in 2002*The onset of schizo occurs during childhood. Ages 15-35 risk for 1st episode. Very few experience episode after 55-Problems of most patients can be divided into 3 phases of unpredictable duration1) Prodromal*Precedes active phase and marked by obvi deterioration in rolefunctioning and student, employee, homemaker, etc*Viewed as change in person’s personality*Talking to self in public, outburst of anger, tension, restlessness2) Active*Symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech3) Residual*follows active phase*symptoms and signs common to prodromal phase, most dramaticsymptoms have improved but person continues to be impaired*Negative symptoms such as lack of expression of emotions3) What are the 3 dimensions into which the symptoms of schizophrenia have been
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