CLP4143 Exam 4 Study Guide CHAPTER 9 PERSONALITY DISORDERS Personality Enduring patterns of thinking distinguish him or her from other people and behavior that define the person and The general definition of personality disorder presented in DSM 5 emphasizes the duration of the pattern and the social dysfunction associated with the traits in question Personality disorders are associated with o Beginning stages of onset of more serious form of psychopathology o Presence of a comorbid personality can interfere with treatment of a disorder such as depression Social Motivation o Motives either conscious or unconscious Two of the most important motives in understanding human personality are Affiliation Power o The desire for close relationships with other people o The desire for impact prestige or dominance Temperament and Personality traits o Describe how people behave o A difficult temperament can be adaptive or maladaptive depending on the circumstances o Refer to a person s most basic characteristic styles of emotionally relating to the world especially those styles that are evident during the first year of life experts disagree about how many temperaments there are Five factor model FFM proposed by McCrae and Costa 2013 explains five personality dimensions of neuroticism extraversion openness to experience agreeableness conscientiousness Diagnosis via DSM 5 know there are 3 different clusters A B C o Cluster A Paranoid Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorders Paranoid personality disorder Pervasive tendency to be inappropriately suspicious of others motive behaviors Have expectation of being harmed Completely inflexible Odd and eccentric behavior Schizoid personality disorder in their views and expectations Pervasive patterns of indifference to other people coupled with a diminished range of emotional experience and expression Schizotypal personality disorder Centers around peculiar behaviors rather than emotional restriction and social withdrawal Perceptual and cognitive disturbances Not psychotic or out of touch with reality o Cluster B Antisocial Borderline Histrionic and Narcissistic Personality Disorders Antisocial personality disorder Persistent pattern of irresponsible and antisocial behavior that Pervasive pattern of instability in mood and interpersonal begins during childhood or adolescence Impulsive and reckless Lack conscience Borderline personality disorder relationships Find it very difficult to be alone Rapid mood shifts Anger identity disturbances Histrionic personality disorder Pervasive pattern of emotionality Emotionally shallow Tendency of inappropriate exaggeration Manipulative Narcissistic personality Disorder and attention seeking behavior Pervasive pattern of grandiosity need for admiration and inability to empathize with others Greatly exaggerated sense of self importance o Cluster C Avoidant Dependent and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Avoidant personality disorder Pervasive pattern of social discomfort fear of negative evaluation Wants to be liked but easily hurt by even minimal signs of and timidity disapproval Dependent personality disorder Pervasive pattern of submissive and clinging behaviors Afraid of separating from other people on whom they are dependent Obsessive Compulsive personality disorder Pervasive pattern of orderliness perfectionism and mental interpersonal inflexibility at the expense of flexibility openness and efficiency o A Dimensional Perspective on Personality Disorders DSM 5 follows a dimensional model for diagnosis a two part process Clinician to make judgment based on identity and self direction and empathy Using ratings of pathological personality traits o Prevalence in Community and Clinical Samples The overall lifetime prevalence for having at least one personality disorder is approximately 10 Frequency Highest prevalence rates for OCPD ASP and avoidant personality disorder is 3 4 Low rates less than 1 for narcissistic personality disorder may suggest that those suffering do not recognize the nature of their own problems o The overall prevalence of personality disorders is approximately equal in men and Gender differences women o Antisocial personality disorder 5 reported for men 2 for women o Paranoid and OCPD may be more common among men than women Stability or personality disorders over time o People with these diagnoses are likely to remain socially isolated and occupationally impaired Schizotypal Personality Disorder SPD o Symptoms Blend of symptoms Emphasizes social detachment eccentricity and cognitive or perceptual distortions o Causes o Treatment Genetically related to schizophrenia Ego syntonic personality types don t see their problems as problems Do not tend to seek treatment Prematurely terminate from treatment Ego syntonic personality type is distressed by his or her own symptoms Ego syntonic ones behaviors values feelings are acceptable to the needs and goals of the ago consistent with one s self image Borderline Personality Disorder BPD o One of the most perplexing most disabling and most frequently treated forms of personality disorder o Otto Kernberg 1967 1975 BPD refers to a set of personality features or deficiencies that can be found in individuals with various disorders o Common features abnormal behaviors of BPD Splitting Alternately seeing people as entirely good or entirely bad Paranoid schizoid cyclothymic and impulse control o Causes o Treatment Genetic Parental loss neglect and mistreatment during childhood More women are mistreated now BPD conditions are the most difficult to treat Between to 1 3 of all patients with BPD discontinue treatment prematurely Antisocial Personality Disorder ASPD o Antisocial behavior over the life span Terrie Moffitt 2 forms of antisocial behavior transient nontransient Psychopaths burn out when they reach 40 or 45 years of age Older psychopaths find new outlets for aggression impulsive behavior and disregard for others Causes Biological factors Adoption studies o Highest rates of antisocial behavior determined by an interaction between genetic factors and adverse environment Psychological factors o Lack of anxiety impulsivity and failure to learn from experience Social factors o Difficult temperament in children poorly controlled behavior antisocial behavior o CHAPTER 15 INTELLECTUAL DISABILITES AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS DSM 5 uses ASD to refer to a range of conditions o Includes autism and Asperger s disorder o Intellectual disabilities and
View Full Document
Unlocking...