FSU CLP 4143 - Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

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Abnormal Psychology Exam 4 Review Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Key features of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD o Obsessions recurrent and persistent thoughts images or impulses that are experienced as intrusive inappropriate or cause anxiety distress No simply excessive worries about real life problems Attempts to ignore suppress or neutralize with some other thought or action Recognized as a product of his or her own mind Examples Dirt and contamination Aggressive impulses Doubts Sexual thoughts Immoral behavior o Compulsions repetitive behavior or mental acts performed in response to obsession or according to rules that must be rigidly applied Aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation Examples Often the link between obsessions and compulsions is magical thinking Sometimes there is no discernible link Excessive double checking of things Counting tapping repeating certain words Doing things to reduce anxiety o Distress Time Consuming 1 hour day and or impairment Prevalence of OCD o 1 3 lifetime prevalence No clear gender differences o Typical onset by 30 years of age Earlier in men than women o Chronic course Brain areas associated with OCD o Orbital frontal cortex o Thalamus o Basal ganglia o Striatum Cognitive Factors associated with OCD o Rigid ritualistic behaviors when they are distressed o Inability to turn off thoughts Rigid moralistic thinking and feelings of responsibility Belief they should be able to control thoughts Behavioral Theories of OCD o Compulsions develop through operant conditioning o Compulsions are negatively reinforced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for OCD o Exposure and Response Prevention EXRP repeatedly exposes the client to the focus of the obsession and prevents compulsive responses to the resulting anxiety Exposure to content of obsessions and experience of anxiety Prevention of compulsive response 60 90 effective o Response Prevention making a choice not to do a compulsive behavior once the anxiety of obsessions have been triggered Trauma Disorders Key features of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traumatic event s plus must be present for more than a month o Re experiencing of the traumatic event Intrusive thoughts or memories of the event Nightmares of or related to the event Flashbacks o Avoidance of situations or memories associated with the event External Places People Objects Situations Thoughts Memories Feelings Internal o Negative changes in thoughts and emotions since the event Persistent negative emotions Changes in beliefs about self or world Numbness toward positive emotions Detachment or decreased interest in activities o Excessive physiological arousal Irritability or outburst of anger Difficulty falling or staying asleep Difficulty concentrating Hyper vigilance Exaggerated startle response Traumatic experiences most and least likely to lead to PTSD in order from most common to least 1 Sexual assault most commonly associated with PTSD 2 Human made disasters Terrorist attacks wars and torture 3 Citizens of countries besieged by war 4 Natural disasters Floods hurricanes tsunamis earthquakes fires 5 Search and rescue personnel that respond in the hours and days after a natural disaster Ambulance workers had the highest rate of PTSD Acute Stress Disorder diagnostic criteria essentially identical to PTSD by symptoms last 28 days or less Prevalence and Course o Lifetime prevalence in U S about 7 o More common in women Biological Differences responses to threat appear to be different in people with PTSD than in people without the disorder o Amygdala responds more actively to emotional stimuli in those with PTSD o Medial prefrontal cortex less active in people with more severe symptoms of PTSD Brains of people with PTSD are more reactive to emotional stimuli and less able to dampen that reactivity when it occurs o Imaginal exposure o In vivo exposure direct confrontation of feared objects activities or o Shrinkage of the hippocampus o Chronically low cortisol levels o Genetics Cognitive Behavioral Therapy situations o Cognitive restructuring o 40 60 improvement rate Biological Therapies o SSRIs o Benzodiazepenes Substance Use Disorders Substance any natural or unsynthesized product that has psychoactive effects changes perceptions thoughts emotions and behaviors Prevalence of illicit drug use o Roughly of the United States o Highest among Native Americans o Highest among ages 18 25 then steeply declines after 25 Intoxication direct effects of the substance Withdrawal effects that occur after use is discontinued especially after heavy or prolonged use example hangover Alcohol o Intoxication Low doses self confidence relaxation disinhibition High doses motor problems depressed mood confusion impaired sexual functioning o Withdrawal Three stages 1 2 8 hours tremulousness the shakes weakness perspiration headache nausea abdominal cramps 2 1 3 days convulsive seizures 3 Greater than three days delirium tremens the DTs hallucinations delusions fever perspiration agitation irregular heartbeat Less than 15 of people with severe alcohol use disorder Of those who experience DTs fatal in 10 if cases Cannabis o Intoxication Low doses relaxation dizziness grandiosity lethargy short term memory impairment motor impairments dry mouth increases in metabolism appetite Moderate to large doses hallucinogenic effects perceptual distortions depersonalization paranoia Anxiety loss of appetite hot flashes sweating hiccups Stimulants cocaine amphetamines Adderall and Ritalin nicotine caffeine o Withdrawal o Intoxication Lower doses alertness energy competence euphoria upset stomach diarrhea Higher doses grandiosity impulsiveness compulsive behavior agitation anxiety panic and paranoia perceptual illusions cardiac failure o Withdrawal Exhaustion and depression Opiates o Intoxication Low doses euphoria pervasive sense of warmth lethargy drowsiness slurred speech vivid dreams High doses unconsciousness coma seizures reduced cardiovascular function o Withdrawal Hallucinogens and PCP o Intoxication Dysphoria anxiety agitation achy feeling vomiting diarrhea Perceptual changes sense of clarity connectedness euphoria sometimes anxiety loss of motor control paranoia o Withdrawal Depression and lethargy Key features of Substance Use Disorders o Impaired control over substance use o Social or work impairment o Risky use ex Using a substance and driving showing up to work at construction site drunk still using stimulants


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FSU CLP 4143 - Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

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Exam 1

Exam 1

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Exam 3

Exam 3

8 pages

Notes

Notes

18 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

10 pages

Notes

Notes

12 pages

Test 1

Test 1

13 pages

Test 1

Test 1

10 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

7 pages

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

27 pages

Anxiety

Anxiety

23 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

17 pages

Test 3

Test 3

13 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

36 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

31 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

16 pages

Final SG

Final SG

19 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

13 pages

Suicide

Suicide

20 pages

Suicide

Suicide

25 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

107 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

2 pages

Notes

Notes

23 pages

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Notes

2 pages

Notes

Notes

5 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Notes

Notes

2 pages

Notes

Notes

2 pages

Notes

Notes

7 pages

Notes

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5 pages

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5 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

6 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Notes

Notes

3 pages

Notes

Notes

4 pages

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