Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 04 Fall 2014 Learning Objectives for 10 28 11 4 Chapter 14 Substance Related Disorders 1 Know the KEY TERMS in chapter 14 These are the boldfaced terms found throughout the chapter and listed at end of chapter Definitions for most of these terms also can be found in the Glossary in the back of the textbook Substance related disorders disorders characterized by inability to use a substance in moderation and or the intentional use of a substance to change one s thoughts feelings and or behaviors leading to impairment in work academic personal or social endeavors Impulse control disorders Disorders characterized by difficulty controlling the desire to engage in certain impulsive acts people with these disorders often feel a mounting sense of tension that is relieved only by engaging in their impulsive act Substance Naturally occurring or synthetically produced product that alters perceptions thoughts emotions and behaviors when ingested smoked or injected Substance intoxication Experience of significantly mal adaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system that develops during or shortly after use of the substance Substance withdrawal experience of clinically significant distress in social occupational or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or reduction of substance use Substance abuse Diagnosis given when a person s recurrent substance use leads to significant harmful consequences as manifested by a failure to fulfill obligations at work school or home the use of substances in physically hazardous situations legal problems and continued use despite social and legal problems Substance dependence Diagnosis given when a person s substance use leads to physiological dependence or significant impairment or distress as manifested by the inability to use the substance in moderation a decline in social occupation or recreational activities or the spending of large amounts of time obtaining substances or recovering from their effects Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 04 Fall 2014 Tolerance Condition of experiencing less and less effect from the same dose of a substance Alcohol abuse Diagnosis given to someone who uses alcohol in dangerous situations fails to meet obligations at work or at home due to alcohol use and has recurrent legal or social problems as a result of alcohol use Alcohol dependence Diagnosis given to someone who has a physiological tolerance to alcohol spends a lot of time intoxicated or in withdrawal or continues to drink despite significant legal social medical or occupation problems that result from alcohol often referred to as alcoholism Delirium Tremens DTs Symptoms that result during severe alcohol withdrawal including hallucinations delusions agitation and disorientation Benzodiazepines Drugs that reduce anxiety and insomnia Barbiturates Drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia that work by suppressing the central nervous system and decreasing the activity level of certain neurons Inhalants Solvents such as gasoline glue or paint thinner that one inhales to produce a high and that can cause permanent central nervous system damage as well as liver and kidney disease Cocaine Central nervous system stimulant that causers a rush of positive feelings initially but that can lead to impulsiveness agitation and anxiety and can cause withdrawal symptoms of exhaustion and depression Amphetamines Stimulant drugs that can produce symptoms of euphoria self confidence alertness agitation paranoia perceptual illusions and depression Nicotine Alkaloid found in tobacco operates on both the central and peripheral nervous systems resulting in the release of biochemical including dopamine norepinephrine serotonin and the endogenous opioids Caffeine Chemical compound with stimulant effects Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 04 Fall 2014 Opioids Substances including morphine and heroin that produce euphoria followed by a tranquil state in severe intoxication can lead to unconsciousness coma and seizures can cause withdrawal symptoms of emotional distress severe nausea sweating diarrhea and fever Hallucinogens Substances including LSD and MDMA ecstasy that produce perceptual illusions and distortions even in small doses Phencyclidine PCP Substance that produces euphoria slowed reaction times and involuntary movements at low doses disorganized thinking feelings of un reality and hostility at intermediate doses and amnesia analgesia respiratory problems and changes in body temperature at high doses Cannabis Substance that causes feelings of well being perceptual distortions and paranoid thinking desire for the drug Antagonist drugs Drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug reducing Methadone Opioid that is less potent and longer lasting than heroin taken by heroin users to decrease their cravings and help them cope with negative withdrawal symptoms Motivational interviewing Intervention for sufferers of substance abuse disorders to elicit and solidify individuals motivation an commitment to changing their substance abuse rather than confronting the user the motivational interviewer adopts an empathic interaction style drawing out the user s own statements of desire ability reasons need and ultimately commitment to change Abstinence violation effect What happens when a person attempting to abstain from alcohol ingests alcohol and then endures conflict and guilt by making an internal attribution to explain why he or she drank thereby making him or her more likely to continue drinking in order to cope with the self blame and guilt Relapse prevention programs Treatments that seek to offset continued alcohol use by identifying high risk situations for those attempting to stop or cut down on drinking and teaching them either to avoid those situations or to use assertiveness skills when in them while viewing setbacks as temporary Abnormal Psychology CLP4143 04 Fall 2014 Harm reduction model Approach to treating substance use disorders that views alcohol use as normative behavior and focuses education on the immediate risks of the excessive use of alcohol such as alcohol related accidents and on the payoffs of moderation avoidance of hangovers Pathological gambling Disorder characterized by chronic compulsive gambling even when it leads to serious personal financial and legal problems Kleptomania Disorder characterized by chronic shoplifting taking items not needed for personal use or
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