Abnormal Psychology CLP 4143: Noah Venables FSUExam 4 Personality DisordersCluster A: odd-eccentric- Paranoid PD: distrust/suspiciousness, interpreting motives as malevolento .5-5.6% prevalenceo Early adulthoodo 3:1 men:womeno Chronico Weak relationship with schizophreniao No twin/adoption studieso COGNITIVE THEORY: Underlying belief people are malevolent Lack of self-confidenceo SUSPECT: 4 criteria S: spousal infidelity suspected U: unforgiving (holding grudges) S: suspicious of others P: perceives attack E: “enemy or friend” (suspects friends) C: confiding in others feared T: threats perceived in benign eventso Therapy is hard b/c therapist are interpreted as threats - Schizoid PD: social detachment & restricted emotiono .4-1.7% lifetime prevalenceo Early adulthoodo 3:1 men:womeno VERY RAREo Traits are heritable: twin studieso Unclear of relationship with schizophreniao DISTANT: 4 criteria D: detached affect I: indifferent to criticism & praise S: little interest in Sexual experience T: tasks done solitarily A: absence of close friends N: neither desires/enjoys close relationships T: takes pleasure in few activitieso Psychosocial treatments: Increased skills, contacts & awareness- Schizotypal PD: social/interpersonal deficits, eccentric behavior, cognitive/perceptual disturbanceso Discomfort for close relationshipso .6-5.2% lifetime prevalenceo early adulthoodo 2:1 men:womeno genetic relationship with schizophreniao Schizotypal PD may be a milder form of Schizophreniao COGNITIVE THEORY: Underlying belief people are malevolent Lack of self-confidenceo ME PECULIAR: 5 criteria M: magical/odd thinking/beliefs E: experiences unusual perceptions P: paranoid ideation E: eccentric behavior/appearance C: constricted/inapp. affect U: unusual (odd) thinking/speech L: lacks close friends I: ideas of reference A: anxiety in social situations R: rule out psychotic/pervasive developmental disorderso Treatment: Schizophrenia drugs & increased social contacts/ skills training Cluster B: dramatic-emotional- Borderline PD (BPD): o Core features:1. Identity disturbances & dissociation2. Interpersonal chaos3. Emotion deregulation4. impulsivityo Chronic, distressing courseo 1-2% lifetime prevalenceo 3:1 women:meno 50% sought mental-health serviceso 75% attempt suicide 10% die by suicideo TREATMENT: Dialectical Behavioral Therapy: Emotion regulation Mindfulness Interpersonal skills training Distress tolerance- Psychopathy: person w/ no conscience “lacks remorse”o Continuum (degrees)o Mixture of traits & behaviorso The Mask of Sanity: Hervey Cleckleyo Psychopathy Checklist Revised: Interview 20 items rated 0-40 (30+ = psychopathic)o MISCONCEPTIONS: Psychopathy is not = psychosis Not violent killers (some not most) Not untreatable Not criminal (only some)- Antisocial PD (ASPD): o DSM-5:I. Adult Antisocial BehaviorII. Age >/= 18III. Conduct disorder before 15IV. Not due to another disordero Core features:1. Failure to conform2. Deceitfulness3. Impulsivity4. Irritability & aggressiveness5. Reckless disregard for safety6. Irresponsibility7. Lack of remorseo 1-3% lifetime prevalence 50-80% of prisonerso Most common PDo Men>womeno NO ethnic differenceo 80% abuse drugs/alcoholo Low levels of education- Histrionic PD: o Core features:1. Not center of attention: uncomfortable2. Inapp. Sexual behavior3. Shifting, shallow expression of emotion4. Use physical attention draw attention5. Excessively impressionistic/speech lacking in detail6. Self-dramatization7. Suggestible, easily influenced by others8. Considers relationships more intimate than they areo Separated/divorced>marriedo 1.3-2.2% lifetime prevalenceo Present for treatment for exaggerated medical problems or Axis I disorderso NO TREATMENT empirically tested- Narcissistic PD: o Core features:1. Grandiose sense of self-importance2. Fantasies of success, power, love, beauty, brilliance3. Believes special, unique: only understood by other special people4. Excessive admiration5. Sense of entitlement6. Interpersonally exploitative7. Lacks empathy8. Arrogant attitudes/behaviorso <1% lifetime prevalenceo Psychodynamic interpretation: Reaction to poor self-wortho Cognitive interpretation: Indulgent parent encourages view of selfo Don’t seek treatment with interpersonal problemsCluster C: anxious-fearful- Dependent PD: overly reliant on others for responsibilities and daily decisionso difficulty being/doing things aloneo nurturance from otherso fears being alone to take care for selfo <1% lifetime prevalenceo women>meno heritable ~8o CBT used to : Increase assertiveness Decrease anxiety- Obsessive-Compulsive PD (OCPD): perfectionist @ cost of getting things doneo Rigido Stubborno Hoardingo Reluctant to delegateo OCPD is not = to OCDo ~1.9 to 4.7% prevalenceo comorbid with depression & anxiety disorderso CBT effective- Avoidant PD: o Socially inhibitedo inadequacyo intense fear of criticism & rejectiono reluctant to take risks due to fear of embarassmento <1% lifetime prevalenceo comorbid with mood & anxiety disorderso NO gender
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