CLP 4143 Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 Examples and Definitions of Abnormal Behavior o At least 50 of all men and women will experience a serious form of abnormal behavior at some point in their lives It is likely that everyone will be touched by the problems associated with mental illness at some point in life 2 4 Americans will experience a form of abnormal behavior at some point in their life o Context is significant when determining whether behavior is abnormal or not line dividing normal from abnormal is not always clear o Symptoms and signs of mental disorders are known as psychopathology pathology Pathology of the mind o Abnormal psychology application of psychological science to the study of mental disorders o Psychosis is when one is out of contact with reality EX getting sick after lunch and think your friend poisoned it o Syndrome a group of symptoms that appear together and are assumed to represent a specific type of disorder o Mental disorders are defined in terms of Duration or persistence of maladaptive behaviors o Mental disorders are classified by Descriptive features o CASE STUDY Kevin Warner A man with a diagnosis of schizophrenia His defining feature of schizophrenia was that people were poisoning him He was given shots of medication because he was only pretending to take real medication o One useful approach defines mental disorders in terms of harmful dysfunction Mental disorders are defined by clusters of persistent maladaptive behaviors that are associated with personal distress EX anxiety or depression impairment in social or occupational functioning o People who function at highest levels of mental health are known as flourishing o Mental disorders are the 2nd leading disease related disability and mortality 1st is cardiovascular o Culture has an important influence on the process of defining psychopathology o The scientific study of the frequency and distribution of disorders within a population is known as epidemiology o Chapter 2 Causes of Abnormal Behavior o The cause or etiology of most abnormal behavior remains a mystery CAUSE ETIOLOGY Etiology set of shared assumptions that includes theory and how scientists should collect and test a theory illness The textbook uses BIO PSYCHO SOCIAL model when considering etiology of mental Bio brain chemistry to genetic predispositions o Disrupted communication among neurons particularly disruptions of functioning neurotransmitters is involved in several types of abnormal behavior Psycho troubled emotions to distorted thinking Social appear to contribute to emotional problems o CASE STUDY Meghan B 14 year old girl who tried to kill herself after an argument with mom by taking 20 tylenol capsules Was adopted birth mother was a drug abuser and had her at the age of 18 Brings into question were genes biology a factor in her abnormal behavior o 3 major advances in the search for explanations for etiology of abnormal behavior Freud General Paresis Academic Research o Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic theory Id pleasure principle drives sex and aggression and biological drives such as hunger Ego part of the personality that must deal with the realities of the world as it attempts to fulfill the id the reality principle Superego equivalent to your conscience contains standards of behavior Defense mechanisms unconscious self deceptions that reduce conscious anxiety by distorting anxiety producing memories emotions and impulses o Denial completely blocking a painful experience from your memory o Displacement take your anger out on someone or something else that is less threatening really its you o Projection attributing your own feelings or thoughts on other people when o Rationalization intellectually justifying a feeling or event o Reaction formation converting a painful or unacceptable feeling into its opposite ex you hate your ex boyfriend when you still really love him o Repression suppressing threatening material from consciousness but without denial o Sublimation Psychodynamic approach aims to gain insight into defenses and unconscious motivations and relies on the interpretation of defenses Includes not only Freudian theory but also the revisions of his followers o A set of shared theoretical substance and common beliefs is known as a paradigm General paresis general paralysis General Paresis involved symptoms including delusions of grandeur and progressive paralysis Gave hope that scientists would discover biological causes for other mental disorders important advance for the biological paradigm Caused by syphilis a sexually transmitted disease caused progressive paralysis Took over 100 years of study to discover this To date specific biological causes have been identified for only some cognitive Biological paradigm disorders o Chapter 3 Treatment of Psychological Disorders o Psychotherapy the use of psychological techniques and the therapist client relationship to produce emotional cognitive and behavior change Most mental health professionals are eclectic use different treatments for different However EVIDENCE BASED USING RESEARCH to select the most effective form of disorders treatment o About 2 3 of people with a diagnosable disorder fail to receive treatment o CASE STUDY Frances 23 year old woman who had been depressed for almost 3 years FOUR VIEWS OF FRANCIS Biological therapist focuses on diagnosis considers genetic predisposition or chemical imbalance and recommends medication o Takes active directive approaches Psychodynamic therapist likely to focus on the defensive style ex she used rationalization denial and projection and expect changes as a result of increased emotional awareness Cognitive behavior therapist therapist is directive identifies cognitive distortions assigns homework and changes behaviors o Takes active directive approaches o Most likely to assign the patient homework Humanistic therapist focuses on lack of emotional genuineness and encourages the client to own her feelings o Humanistic encourages patient to make choices based on true feelings and being genuine PSYCHOLOGISTS OFTEN INTEGRATE ELEMENTS OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES WHEN WORKING TO FIND MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS o EX when psychotherapy is combined with medication o Psychopharmacology American population wants a quick fix as a medication to treat psychological disorders o Electroconvulsive therapy seizures o Psychoanalysis Freud free association Freudian slips o Psychodynamic psychotherapy derived from psychoanalysis briefer
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