Exam 3 for Abnormal Psychology Chapter 7 Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Dissociative Disorders and Somatic Symptom Disorders Dissociation The disruption of the normally integrated mental processes involved in memory consciousness identity or perception What disorders are the least controversial Traumatic stress disorders An event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury or sexual violence Traumatic stress to self or witnessing others experience trauma learning that love ones have been traumatized or repeatedly being exposed to details of trauma Acute Stress Disorder ASD Occurs within a month after exposure to traumatic stress Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Lasts longer than one month sometimes has a delayed onset Symptoms of ASD and PTSD 1 3 Intrusive Re experiencing repeated distressing images or thoughts Flashbacks and Horrifying Dreams 2 Avoidance avoid thoughts feelings related to the event avoid people places or activities that remind them of the event Increased Arousal or Reactivity Predicts a worse prognosis hypervigilance restlessness agitation and irritability 4 Negative Mood or Thoughts Range to negative feelings inability to experience positive emotions persistent fear anger or guilt or feelings of detachment from others Numbing of responsiveness 5 Dissociative Symptoms Dazed and act spaced out depersonalization derealization DSM 5 groups ASD and PTSD in a new diagnostic grouping and includes adjustment disorders Trauma and Stressor related disorders Brief Historical Perspective Points 1 Maladaptive reactions to trauma have long been an interest to the military 2 3 Vietnam War prompted much interest in PTSD due to delayed reactions to combat being very Shell shock or combat neurosis common Dsm 5 definition of Trauma 1 A direct exposure to actual or threatened death serious injury or sexual violation 2 Being a witness to actual or threatened death serious injury or sexual violation 3 Learning of violence to a loved one 4 through repeated exposure to details of trauma Disaster and Emergency Workers sense of purpose appear to be protective Not immune to trauma s aftereffects Training preparation and a Hardiness Sense of commitment control challenge in facing stress Prevalence of PTSD 6 8 of people living in the United States 90 of people living in Detroit have experienced a trauma with 9 developing PTSD What is the most common cause of PTSD Unexpected death of loved one is most common cause 20 40 of children develop PTSD Does Trauma occur at random by risky behavior family history of mental illness also experience more traumas Most do not People who are anxious or have a Minorities Are more likely to live in dangerous environments due to socioeconomic factors therefore more likely to be exposed to more traumatic stress Developing PTSD People with ASD are likely to develop PT SD Three symptoms that best predict future PTSD 1 Numbing 2 Depersonalization 3 A sense of reliving the experience Differences between people with and without PTSD are CORRELATIONS Psychological Factors Emotional Processing experience The risk for PTSD depends on cognitive factors preparedness purpose and absence of blame engage emotionally with trauma articulation and organization of chaotic Cognitive shift The world is not a terrible place Emergency Help for Trauma Victims early interventions Three Principles for combat soldiers that can applied to civilian disasters Immediate support to trauma victims is a common goal of all Immediate treatment In the proximity of the battlefield 1 2 3 With the expectation to return to the front lines upon recovery Cognitive Behavior Therapy for PTSD The most effective treatment for PTSD is re exposure to trauma EMDR Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Francine Shapiro Includes rapid back and forth eye movements prolong exposure appears to be the active ingredient Antidepressant Medication Traditional antianxiety medications are not effective in treating PTSD Dissociative Disorders Symptoms characterized by persistent maladaptive disruption in the integration of memory consciousness or identity psychologically produced amnesia Confused travel of long distances from home Existence of two or more personalities in one person controversial and disbelieved by many Hypnosis Altered State or Social Role Debated as being a true state of dissociation Some assert that hypnosis works mostly on highly susceptible participants or people who are merely complying with a social role Two systems of information processing 1 Rational System 2 Experiential System Dissociative Identity disorder DID Two or more personalities coexist within a single individual Depersonalization People feel detached from themselves Symptom involves feelings of unreality detachment from the environment Partial or complete loss of recall for particular events or for a particular period of Derealization Dissociative amnesia time DSM 5 lists three types of dissociative disorders 1 Depersonalization Derealization like living in a dream detached from oneself or the world 2 Dissociative identity disorder DID existence of two or more personalities in a single individual 3 Dissociative amnesia Sudden inability to recall extensive and important personal information that exceeds normal forgetfulness Frequency of Dissociative Disorders Rarely diagnosed outside of the United States and Canada for example only one unequivocal case of DID has been reported in Great Britain in the last 25 years Disorder or Role Enactment symptoms of DID can be induced by role playing and hypnosis Fantasy proneness and suggestibility play a key role in the development of dissociative disorders Trust dissociative disorder appear to be rare Psychological Factors for Dissociative Disorders is retrospective Specifically in Child Abuse Trauma is suspected in DID but much of the data Biological Factors for Dissociative Disorders sleep decreased dissociation in experimental situations Fragmented sleep wake cycle helps explain dissociative symptoms Iatrogenesis The manufacture of a disorder by its treatments Sleep disturbance associated with dissociation Improved Were cases created by the expectations of therapists Treatment of Dissociative Disorders 1 Hypnosis 2 Abreaction 3 Ultimate foal in treating DID is integration of the personalities Somatic symptom Disorder impairing psychological stress Symptoms of Somatic Disorders problems where physical symptoms are prominent and are accompanied by complaints
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