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Learning Objectives for Topic X What are Personality Disorders Readings for this topic do not include all of Chapter 9 Know all KEY TERMS 1 What is meant by the term personality and where does one s personality come from Ch 9 232 Some of this will be presented only in class Personality enduring patterns of thinking behavior that define a person distinguish them from others Ways of expressing emotion Patterns of thinking of ourselves and others 2 What is meant by personality disorder and what differentiates these from normal variations in personalities Ch 9 232 234 Need to qualify for DSM 5 general definition of PD as well as the specific criteria for a particular type General definition of PD emphasizes the duration of the pattern social impairment of symptoms When social dysfunction there is interference conflict in relationships disorder Must be Inflexible pervasive across a broad range of personal social situations 1 2 Source of clinically sig distress impairment in social occupational other imp Areas of funct 3 Stable and of long duration w onset traced back to at least adolescence or early adulthood Must be enduring pattern of inner experience beh That deviates from expectations of one s culture evident in two or more of the following domains 1 Cognition such as ways of thinking of self and others 2 Emotional responses 3 4 Interpersonal functioning Impulse control Ego syntonic the ideas impulses are acceptable to the person do not see themselves as disturbed VS ego dystonic the people are aware of distressed by their symptoms situation Due to this PDs often defined by problems that these people create for others This limits self report measures interviews questionnaires 2 The text says that the personality disorders are among the most controversial categories in the diagnostic system of mental disorders yet are also crucial concepts in the field of psychopathology What is the controversy Why are these concepts crucial Ch 9 233 Controversy difficult to define measure 1 Difficult to define reliably 2 Show high levels of comorbidity among themselves other mental disorders 3 Their definition has not been well grounded in scientific knowledge regarding basic elements of personality Crucial 1 Associated w significant social occupational impairment also marital discord violence 2 Presence of the traits in adolescence linked to an increased risk for dev of later mental dis High neuroticism Major dep Anxiety impulsivity Antisocial 3 PDs represent the beginning stages of the onset of more serious forms of psychopathology Paranoid dis schizophrenia dis 4 Presence of a comorbid PD interferes w treatment of a dis Such as depression 5 The textbook says that the specific symptoms of personality disorders represent maladaptive variations in several of the building blocks of personality What are the building blocks What are the symptoms that define personality disorders Ch 9 234 237 The symptoms represent maladaptive variations in the building blocks of personality 1 Motives 2 Cognitive perspectives self others 3 Temperament 4 Personality traits Social Motivation the why of beh Motive person s desires goals either conscious or unconscious 2 Of the most imp Motives 1 Affiliation the desire for close rels w others Particularly imp Issue absence of motivation for affiliation prefer isolation 2 Power the desire for impact prestige or dominance Particularly imp Issue exaggerated motivation for power achievement preoccupied w need for praise Excessive devotion to work accomplishments leads to ignoring rels leisure Cognitive Perspectives self others Self Central issue our image of ourselves Confidence needed for independent decisions mood states Extremes damaging o Extreme grandiosity disruptive o Viewing self as socially inept or inferior even more damaging Others Misperceived intentions motives abilities of others severely disturbed rel Seen as threatening uncaring incompetent Ex Paranoid beliefs Ex Unreasonable fears of abandonment rejection etc Interpersonal relationships self others Must evaluate our rels w others to make accurate judgments about appropriate inappropriate beh Imp Factor ability to empathize w others decipher their emot to guide our beh People w PDs often have Either too intimate or too distant rels Inability to understand the emotions of others no empathy Temperament Personality Traits the how of beh Temperament A person s most basic style of relating to the world esp evident in 1st yr of life Activity level Emotional reactivity Vary considerably from one infant to the next Have implications for later dev o Lack of control conduct disorder in adol o Extremely shy anxious socially inhibited later Personality Traits Many disagreements on how on dimensions BUT one POV widely accepted five factor model FFM 6 subdivisions of each 1 Openness to experience 2 Conscientiousness 3 Extraversion 4 Agreeableness 5 Neuroticism Problems arise from extreme variations in either direction high or low Additional context of temperament personality 2 imp Qualifications 1 These diffs May not be evident in ALL situations some expressed only under certain challenging conditions that facilitate a particular response Ex antisocial Tom wasn t always impulsive irresponsible 2 Consequences of exhibiting particular traits the or meanings assigned to particular traits depend on the env in which they are observed Ex Lack of fear good for war bad for school 5 How does DSM categorize the personality disorders What are the clusters and what are the specific disorders within each cluster In what basic ways are personality disorders supposed to differ from other disorders we have discussed Ch 9 237 241 DSM 5 2 diff approaches to classification of PDs 1 Categorical definition of PDs the official approach Set of characteristic symptoms need them to pass the diagnostic threshold 2 Dimensional definition of PDs ultimately rejected set of 25 dimensional scales DSM 5 10 types of PD organized into 3 clusters A B C based on broadly defined characteristics Cluster A Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Odd Eccentric Asocial May precede the onset of full blown psychosis aka schizophrenia spectrum disorders Paranoid PD Tendency to be inappropriately suspicious of other people s motives behaviors Constantly on guard expect harm take extra precautions inflexible in the view of other s motives Unable to choose situations in which they can trust others trouble maintaining rels Frequently overreact aggressively or antagonistically


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FSU CLP 4143 - Personality Disorders

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Test 1

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Test 1

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CHAPTER 1

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Anxiety

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Suicide

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