FSU CLP 4143 - Fear and Anxiety Overview

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Learning Objectives for Fear and Anxiety Overview Panic Disorder Readings for this topic include Chapter 5 1 What is the fight or flight response When do we experience it Fight or Flight Response The features of arousal and fear are set in motion by the hypothalamus o Two important systems are activated Autonomic nervous system ANS Sympathetic NS fight or flight when activated it induces Parasympathetic NS rest and digest restores homeostasis the changes in bodily functions body back to normal Endocrine system o Promotes the release of endorphins and hormones o Increases metabolism 2 What is anxiety and how is it different from fear Fear vs Diagnosis Distress Impairment Severe enough to lower quality of life Chronic and frequent enough to interfere with functioning 3 What are three questions we can ask ourselves to determine whether fear is adaptive or maladaptive CLASS Adaptive vs Maladaptive Fear 3 Questions o Are concerns realistic given the circumstances o Is the amount of fear in proportion to the threat o Does the concern persist in the absence of the threat 4 What is a panic attack What are the physical and psychological symptoms When do we consider panic attacks cued or uncued Panic Attacks a Discrete period b Can occur within the context of any disorder or NO disorder Panic Attack Symptoms peaks within 10 minutes of intense fear o Racing heart palpitations o Nausea upset stomach o Chills o Trembling o Numbness tingling o Feelings of unreality detachment from self o Feelings of choking being smothered o Fear of dying o Cued o Uncued o Caused by something a threat or stressor o Not caused by anything without the other Panic Disorder o Recurrent uncued panic attacks o plus o Worry about additional attacks o Worry about what the attacks mean o A significant change in behavior 5 What makes panic disorder PD different from panic attacks Is it possible to have one 6 About how many people have PD Is it more common in certain ethnic groups Are there gender differences Why do people usually seek treatment for PD Prevalence Course o Panic attacks have a lifetime prevalence rate of 28 Kessler et al 2006 o Panic disorder has a lifetime prevalence rate between 3 5 Kessler et al 2005 o 2 3x more common in women APA 2000 Kessler et al 2006 o Onset between late adolescence and mid 30s o First time people have panic attacks they often go to ER for heart attack Impact of PD panic attack o Chronic course early onset o Agoraphobia APA 2000 when people stop leaving the house out of fear of having a o Avoid situations in which escape is difficult or help not available o Avoidance is the hallmark symptom of anxiety disorders 7 What are the biological and cognitive theories of PD o Genetics Neurotransmitters o Family members more likely to develop PD APA 2000 Craske et al 2007 o Probably vulnerability factors Craske et al 2007 o Neuroimaging studies o Differences in limbic system o Cognitive Model o Pay close attention to bodily sensations o Catastrophic interpretations o Snowballing 8 What is anxiety sensitivity and how does it increase the risk of developing PD Anxiety Sensitivity o Fear of anxiety related physical sensations o Due to the belief that these sensations have harmful somatic psychological or social consequences o AS is a risk factor for anxiety problems Elevated in those with anxiety disorders Linked to the development of panic disorder 9 What are safety behaviors and how do they help maintain PD Safety behaviors Maintain fear by o Actions to avoid or reduce anxiety provoking situations o False attribution of safety o Avoidance of disconfirming evidence o Negative reinforcement 10 What are the biological and psychological treatments for PD o Biological Treatments o Tricyclic Antidepressants o help with panic attacks but many side effects o when you stop taking them the panic attacks return o Imipramine o Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SSRIs o Prozac Paxil Zoloft Celexa etc o Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors SNRIs o Effexor o Benzodiazepines o Xanax Valium o Very addictive Learning Objectives for Specific Phobias and Agoraphobia Readings for this topic include chapter 5 11 What is agoraphobia What is its relationship to panic disorder Agoraphobia Fear of the marketplace a Fear places where escape getting help is difficult i Public transportation ii Open spaces iii Shops Theaters iv Crowded places v Being alone 12 Identify gender differences and age of onset in agoraphobia 50 of people with agoraphobia have history of panic attacks More common in women than men Typical age of onset early 20s Increased substance use 13 What disorder behavior is often comorbid with agoraphobia o 50 of People diagnosed with agoraphobia have history of Panic Attacks 14 What are the key features of specific phobias Excessive or unreasonable fears cued by a specific object or situation Person recognizes fear is excessive or unreasonable not necessary for kids Avoidance OR intense anxiety and distress in situation 15 What is the difference between an everyday fear and a specific phobia How do you determine whether a fear crosses the threshold into a phobia 16 What are the four main types of specific phobia o Animal Type o Specific animals or insects o Snake phobias are the most common in the US o Natural Environment Type o Events or situations in the natural environment o Situational Type o Specific situations o Blood Injection Injury Type BII Type o Seeing blood or an injury or receiving an injection Different from other types Unlike typical physiological response increased blood pressure involves drop in blood pressure Runs more strongly in families than other types Much more difficult to treat because habituation can t happen if you re passed out Need to train applied tension 16 How prevalent is specific phobia and what is the typical course 90 do not seek treatment Specific Phobia 11 Lifetime Prevalence Women 2x more likely to have specific phobia than men Onset Varies o Most during childhood o Some during the mid 20 17 What is the behavioral theory for the development of specific phobias o Classical Conditioning o John B Watson o Demonstrated how phobias could be conditioned o little Albert experiment Pairing a rat with a loud bang to condition target to response with a startle once seeing the white rat by itself o Evolutionary o Prepared classical conditioning 18 What are the treatments for specific phobias Do treatments of specific phobias differ for any o Operant Conditioning


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FSU CLP 4143 - Fear and Anxiety Overview

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Exam 1

Exam 1

8 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

9 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

8 pages

Notes

Notes

18 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

10 pages

Notes

Notes

12 pages

Test 1

Test 1

13 pages

Test 1

Test 1

10 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

7 pages

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

27 pages

Anxiety

Anxiety

23 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

17 pages

Test 3

Test 3

13 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

36 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

31 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

16 pages

Final SG

Final SG

19 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

13 pages

Suicide

Suicide

20 pages

Suicide

Suicide

25 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

107 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

2 pages

Notes

Notes

23 pages

Notes

Notes

2 pages

Notes

Notes

5 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Notes

Notes

2 pages

Notes

Notes

2 pages

Notes

Notes

7 pages

Notes

Notes

5 pages

Notes

Notes

5 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

6 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Notes

Notes

3 pages

Notes

Notes

4 pages

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