Abnormal Psychology Exam 2 Review Anxiety GAD What is anxiety anxiety is the condition experience of being afraid immediate fearful reaction to a perceived threat anxious anticipation we get anxious because it s an evolutionary alarm system and prepares out bodies for fight or flight What are the four types of symptoms associated with anxiety physiological somatic behavioral cognitive emotional When is anxiety considered adaptive v maladaptive are concerns realistic given circumstances is the amount of fear in proportion to the threat does the concern persist in the absence of the threat anxiety disorders are all about maladaptive fear What two factors should be considered when making an anxiety diagnosis distress and impairment severe enough to lower quality of life chronic and frequent enough to interfere with functioning How does culture play a role in anxiety disorders anxiety disorders are likely to differ cross culturally context environment influences the content of fears What are the main criteria for diagnosing GAD anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months worry is difficult to control associated with 3 of the following more days than not for past 6 months restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge easily fatigued difficultly concentrating or mind going blank irritability muscle tension sleep disturbance focus is not confined to features of Axis 1 disorders impairment and or distress not due to substance use GMC or does not occur exclusively during mood psychotic or pervasive developmental disorders What are the proposed changes of the DSM V What is the prevalence and course of GAD 3 5 of general population highly comorbid with other anxiety disorders also associated with depression and substance use disorders 50 report onset in childhood or adolescence course is chronic but fluctuating and often worse during times of stress women are at greater risk How iS GAD explained by cognitive theory people with GAD think about threat constantly the function of worry is an attempt at suppression of negative images worry is the cognitive component of anxiety and anxious anticipation two competing ideas about worry prevents bad things from happening is dangerous to your health biological theory GABA theory individuals with GAD have deficiency in GABA receptors resulting in excessive firing in the limbic system genetic theory biological vulnerability to GAD is inherited What are psychological and biological treatments for GAD cognitive behavioral therapy CBT therapist works with client to identify and alter negative automatic thoughts self monitor worrying and schedule worry time relaxation techniques progressive muscle relaxation deep breathing biological treatments benzodiazepines xanax valium short term relief from anxiety very addictive many side effects tricyclic antidepressants trofranil and SSRI s paxil paxil reduces anxiety better than benzodiazepines serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors effexor better than placebo PTSD What is the diagnostic criteria for the three stress disorders PTSD induced by combat and war related traumas combat fatigue syndrome shell shock disasters tornadoes floods earthquakes fires abuse physical emotional sexual and common traumatic events car accidents sudden death of loved ones PTSD diagnostic criteria A Exposed to trauma with BOTH of the following present 1 Event involving actual or threatened death serious injury or threat to physical integrity of self or others 2 Response involving fear helplessness or horror B Traumatic event is reexperienced in 1 of the following ways 1 Intrusive images thoughts or perceptions 2 Distressing dreams 3 Active feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring 4 Distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event 5 Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the trauma C Avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma numbing of general responsiveness as indicated by 3 of the following 1 Efforts to avoid thoughts feelings or conversations 2 Avoid activities people or places 3 Inability to recall important aspects of trauma 4 Diminished interest or participation in significant activities 5 Detachment or estrangement from others 6 Restricted range of affect 7 Sense of shortened future D Persistent symptoms of increased arousal as indicated by 2 of the following 1 Difficulty falling or staying asleep 2 Irritability or outburst of anger 3 Difficulty concentrating 4 Hypervigilance 5 Exaggerated startle response E Duration more than 1 month F Impairment or Distress Specify if Acute 3 months Chronic 3 months With Delayed onset onset 6 months after the stressor 3 Types of Symptoms for PTSD re experiencing of the traumatic event emotional numbing dissociation hypervigilance chronic arousal Acute Stress Disorder Diagnostic Criteria A 1 witnessed event 2 fear helplessness response B 3 dissociative symptoms numbing derealization depersonalization dissociative amnesia C 1 symptoms of reexperiencing trauma D Avoidance of stimuli E Symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal difficulty sleeping irritability poor concentration hypervigilance etc F Distress or Impairment G Duration 2 days to 4 weeks maximum occurs within 4 weeks of the trauma H Not due to substances GMC other mental illness Adjustment Disorder Criteria A Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor B Symptoms behaviors clinically significant including either of the following 1 Marked distress beyond what would be expected 2 Impairment of social or occupational academic C Does not meet criteria for another specific Axis I disorder is not an exacerbation of preexisting Axis I or II disorder D Not Bereavement E After stressor has terminated symptoms do not persist for more than an additional 6 months Specify if Acute last 6 months Chronic last 6 months Subtypes coded based on predominant symptoms 309 0 309 24 309 28 309 3 309 4 309 9 unspecified w depressed mood w anxiety w mixed anxiety depressed mood w disturbance of conduct w mixed disturbance of emotions conduct PTSD vs Acute Stress Disorder Diagnostic Criteria acute stress disorder is VERY similar but lasts 1 month PTSD duration 1 month chronic How does acute stress disorder differ from PTSD PTSD duration 1 month Acute duration 2 days min 4 weeks max How did the DSM V alter the
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